12 



same length and the same number of buds to each. Then bend 

 them down one to the right, and the other to the left, and tie them 

 to the lower bar or wire of the trellis ; so that the vine will be T 

 shaped. — Third year. Train up three or four shoots from each 

 arm to the top of the trellis, at equal distances from each other. 

 If some grow stronger than others, pinch in the strong ones till 

 the weak overtake them. In other matters treat the same as be- 

 fore. In November cut back every other cane to one bud, and 

 the intervening ones to three or four feet, for bearing the next 

 year. — Fourth year. In November cut back the canes, that have 

 fruited, to one bud, and the others to four feet. The spur system 

 is the best for vineyards ; and the renewal, for houses and walls. 

 In both systems, laterals must be pinched out at two leaves, and 

 all suckers and shoots from dormant eyes on the old wood, must 

 be rubbed off. Trellises can be made of cedar posts, set eight or 

 ten feet apart, and telegraph wire or wooden slats run across, 

 twelve or til'teen inches apart. 



Propagation. 



Cuttings are the cheapest means of extending an established 

 vineyard. At the November pruning, save cuttings of well ripen- 

 ed wood, of the current year, twelve or fifteen inches long ; bury 

 them in dry soil or in sand, during the winter, and, in the spring, 

 plant two of them in the place where you want a vine. Set them 

 about two inches apart. In the spring of the second year, pull 

 or dig up the weakest vine, and set vines, one year old, in the 

 places where the cuttings failed to grow. The upper buds of the 

 cuttings may be covered, one third of an inch deep, after they are 

 planted in a slanting position. If preferred, they can be set in 

 nursery beds, and transplanted, when one or two years old. If 

 grown from cuttings in the vineyard, the roots are never disturbed, 

 and, in dry soil, or stony hill-sides, they strike down deeper and 

 make stronger plants. The earth should be mulched with cheap 

 litter of some kind, and the soil kept loose around the young 

 vines. Train them to a pole, till they are strong enough to be 

 pruned according to a system. Layers can be obtained, by bend- 

 ing down shoots that grow near the ground and covering them 

 with three or four inches of earth. Pat them down in July or 

 August, and cut the cane half through near the parent vine ; by 

 November they will be well rooted, and can be transplanted. The 

 most rapid way of supplying the loss of an old vine is to take a 

 long and strong shoot, from the nearest vine, and layer it, in the 

 place of the old one ; it will bear the first year and m.ay be cut 

 clean of its parent, in one or two years, according to its strength. 

 The vines that produce the famous Burgundy \s\x\q of France, are 

 renewed by layering every ten years: There are other modes of 



