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able cows. Now the total number of cows put down for 

 New York is 1,552,373, which would show that only one- 

 third of the cows kept in that state pay for more than their 

 keeping. In the thirty-five towns in Essex county, with an 

 estimate of 30,000 cows, according to the same ratio, 7,000 

 should be weeded out. How to find them out and how to 

 get rid of them is the question for the farmer. Good 

 judgment is needed for this. A cow whose milk may be 

 profitable for butter making, may be unprofitable when her 

 milk is sold. Decide for what purpose you want the cow 

 first. If a cow's milk production falls short of 2000 quarts 

 a year get rid of her. A cow producing 2500 quarts of 

 milk a year the speaker considered a good one. If that is 

 sold to a middleman at three and one-half cents a quart the 

 income will be -187.50, admitting the cost of grain (at the 

 present high prices) to be the same amount. The farmer 

 has the manure for profit and it will pay to keep the animal. 



On the other hand if the milk is produced for butter mak- 

 ing, suppose the animal does not exceed 2000 quarts, test 

 her milk in a Cooley creamer by itself. Should her milk 

 show a space of cream for every quart, even though she 

 gives only six or seven quarts a day, she pays for keeping 

 and her butter production will be a pound a day. Figure 

 the profits of this cow ; from 2000 quarts 2000 spaces of 

 cream, averaging three and one-half to four and one-half 

 cents a space ; taking the lowest price the income from 

 cream alone would be $70, and in addition there are 

 left 1400 quarts of skim milk on the farm for feeding pur- 

 poses, worth one cent a quart, and often selling as high as 

 three cents. This brings the total income from the cow up to 

 eighty-four dollars. The question is asked, where are our 

 good cows to come from? and the speaker answered, raise 

 them. Some farmers will move heaven and earth to sell 

 their skim milk at one cent a quart, when there are various 

 kinds of young stock on the farm actually suifering for it, 

 and to which it may be fed at a profit. 



Dealing with the third point of his essay the speaker 



