best help lie does not pay enough, and for poor help he 

 pays too much. In some directions he could cut off unnec- 

 essary expenses, particularly in stock feeding, which is 

 rarely conducted on the best principles. Again he should 

 know what his farm products cost him and sell them at a 

 profit, the same as the merchant does, and not sell at a hap- 

 hazard price named by his customers. The farm should be 

 run to its full capacity, the same as manufacturing establish- 

 ments. Manure should be applied heavily, and in many 

 cases two crops be obtained in a season, where now the 

 yield is only one. 



The farmer should also attend to his political duties, see 

 to it that the milk standard for a certain per cent, of solids 

 be abolished and in its place, substitute a law requiring that 

 milk for the market be produced from healthy cows fed 

 with wholesome food. 



He should" also buy his supplies in larger quantities and 

 for cash, and in this connection he recommended organiza- 

 tion, particularly that afforded by the grange, by which he 

 can concentrate and utilize individual force, and in closing 

 he made a special plea fur the grange, the object of which 

 is to further the farmers' interests. 



Mr. Samuel Hawkes, of Saugus, said farming was much 

 more depressed in the West than in the East. The cause is 

 overproduction, brought about by the opening of new land 

 by the railroads. He thought organization a good thing 

 when properly directed, but in the West at the present time 

 a bad thing for the farmers when directed by the farmers 

 for a debased currency. 



Mr, N. P. Perkins, of Wenham, coincided with the essay- 

 ist in the idea that farmers sliould work more intelligently 

 and find what crops they could raise at a profit and stick to 

 them, rather than to have visionary dreams of what they 

 might do and change from year to year from one thing to 

 another. 



The speaker had seen farm tools and machinery, such as 

 mowing machines left out in the field all winter and thought 



