lar branch develops such superior rapidity in the perform- 

 ance of the work, that the efficiency of a given number 

 of men is very much greater than it formerly was when 

 one man did all the work on the completed product. 



By the operation of economic laws 'the most efficient 

 labor is the best paid, and is the kind of labor that is 

 most constantly employed. Eventually it forces its com- 

 petitors into some other employmant, or compels the 

 other industries to adopt similar methods. While we may 

 safely assume that a development on this line has been in 

 progress from the earliest times, the introduction of mod- 

 ern machinery has so greatly hastened it that the process 

 and its effects are more generally recognized now than 

 ever before. 



By division of labor its products have been vastly mul- 

 tiplied ; fine art has been combined with mechanical pro- 

 cess, so that cultivated and discriminating tastes may be 

 gratified, and at the same time economies in methods have 

 been adopted which have improved the quality as well as 

 reduced the cost of the completed product. Through the 

 medium of exchanges all these advantages have been 

 utilized for the greater benefit of mankind. 



Every man who is engaged in productive enterprises 

 attempts to create or develop some special commodity, not 

 for his own use, but to sell in order that he may procure 

 the things he wants. Primeval man supplied his own 

 necessities, but he very early discovered that persons dif- 

 fered in their ability to do certain things, and as men 

 prefer to perform that kind of work for which they have 

 special aptitude, our first ancestors soon contrived to do 

 those things individually in which each one excelled. 

 When the first man who excelled in the production of 



