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large flow of milk of the proper standard, and he believed 

 the state standard should be lived up to whether right or 

 wrong. Then what was also needed was a cow to produce 

 a calf of value, well made, with good quarters, well devel- 

 oped in those parts from whence the beef comes, for he 

 believed the time was coming when the production of beef 

 would be profitable. It was hard to get such cows if you 

 depended on buying. Having got such a cow, why not per- 

 petuate her qualities by raising calves ? The speaker recog- 

 nizing the difficulty with milk farmers who asked, how 

 shall we raise calves if we sell our milk, advocated bringing 

 the calf up by hand b}^ feeding flaxseed oil meal, wheat 

 bran or middlings after a few weeks' old. The wheat 

 bran or oat meal should be stirred in boiling water so as 

 not to lump. Calves raised in this way were more gentle 

 and kind, and not half the trouble to take care of. The 

 speaker had raised about twenty calves a year and always 

 used the thermometer in every mess of feed. It should be 

 the aim to teach the calves to eat oil meal, bran, etc., dry 

 as early as possible. The dry feed increases the saliva. At 

 the age of three or four months they may be given a ration 

 of grass or rowen hay to keep them growing, and at the age 

 of two or three years the heifers may take their place in 

 the herd. In regard to pastures, if a cow has got to hunt 

 for food in a short pasture, it will be felt at the pail. So 

 green fodder should be used and it is his practice to feed it 

 at the barn. Cows should always be fed systematically, 

 giving the same rations at the same time every day. He 

 would sow winter rye in September for early Spring feed, 

 and oats or barley sowed in the spring make good feed after 

 the rye. Pasture grass on an old sod is as near a perfect 

 food for the cow as anything you can get if there is only 

 enough of it. It was important that a good cow should be 

 liberally fed, through the milking season especially. Dairy 

 men ought not to study how little they can keep a cow 

 upon. Until there is a surplus she will not secrete milk 

 unless at the expense of her system. The cow should be 



