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was being more agitated, at the present time, than roads 

 and their condition. In New Jersey they have in some 

 localities the same trap rock that we have. The problem 

 is the betterment and improvement of our roads, we must 

 endeavor to give the people a dollar's worth of road for a 

 dollar's outlay. He, the speaker, has had and seen his 

 faults and errors in the past and at first trials, and hopes 

 that others may profit by his mistakes. In 186S, when 

 he took charge of the road work in New Jersey, the roads 

 were but a parody on means of communication. The move- 

 ment began with the Essex road board, which at first met 

 with much opposition, but power was finally obtained to 

 pave with the Telford process. At that time there had 

 only been constructed dirt roads, no thought of macad 

 amizing having been given to the subject. He here showed 

 a chart illustrating the Telford process of pavements 

 with a foundation five or six inches thick and three 

 inches of broken stone on top which is the best plan. No 

 road should ever be buih on a level grade and it should 

 never be less than six inches to the one hundred feet, and 

 as much more up to twelve inches in one hundred feet. 

 The steepness should not be over ten feet in one hun- 

 dred feet. As to crowning, it should be twelve inches in 

 every thirty feet. Ruts in roads are worse than holes, 

 and constant travel keeps them open and deepens them. 

 The custom of having a steep rise of twelve to fifteen feet 

 to a hundred in hilly roads, is too severe on the horses 

 and should not be allowed and if possible you should 

 eliminate the steep grades in the country roads, wliicli 

 will be a great improvement and will be appreciated. 

 He, the speaker, would lay special stress upon drainage, 

 if a road is well drained it will last much longer and be 

 much better than if water be allowed to stand on or near 

 it. The foundation may be of any obtainable stone, 

 although worn round stone should be broken as a round 

 stone will work to the surface. The foundation should 



