CUTTING TOOLS 



21 



FIG. 25. Action of Short and Long 

 Planes 



cap iron in the smooth plane should be set from a six- 

 teenth to a thirty-second of an inch from the cutting 

 edge of the plane iron. 



12. Jointers. For straightening very rough and un- 

 even stock a long plane is necessary (Fig. 25). In the 

 illustration let line ab rep- 

 resent the edge of a very 

 uneven board. A short 

 plane c would simply fol- 

 low the hills and hollows, 

 smoothing but not straight- 

 ening it, while a long plane, 

 as shown at d, would merely cut off the top of the high 

 places, as shown by the dotted line, and would not touch 

 the bottoms of the hollows until all the elevations were 

 leveled ; in other words, until the surface was straight- 

 ened. Such planes, which 

 are often three feet long or 

 more, are called jointers. 



13. The Block Plane. To 

 square the end of a piece of 

 stock the conditions are quite different from those 

 just described where we were planing with the grain. 

 In end planing no cap iron is necessary, the plane 

 iron in the block plane being reversed with bevel 

 side up. 



FIG. 26. The Block Plane 



