XXI] 



INTERNAL ORGANS 



533 



and the ulnare and intermedium being 

 distinct in the larva (Fig. 258, A). Other- 

 wise the limb corresponds to the scheme 

 given in the beginning of the chapter. 



The pelvic girdle on each side is 

 firmly joined to the rib of the sacral 

 vertebra, and the two halves meet in 

 the mid-ventral line. The upper part of 

 the girdle above the cavity for articula- 

 tion of the thigh is a bone, the ilium ; 

 below this cavity, which is termed the 

 acetabulum, is a so-called "ischio- 

 pubic " cartilage, in the hinder part of 

 which a small bone, the ischium, is 

 developed. In the mid- ventral line, in 

 front of the union of the two halves of 

 the pelvic girdle, there is a forked piece 

 of cartilage, the epipubis (Fig. 259). 

 In the pes the only departure from the 

 typical arrangement is the fusion of 

 the tarsalia 4 and 5. 



If the muscles be carefully cut 

 through in the middle line 

 and reflected, the body 

 cavity and the organs contained therein 

 will be exposed. In general the dif- 

 ference from the arrangement of the 

 organs in a Dog-fish is only in the re- 

 lative size of the organs, in a word, 

 in details. 



The alimentary canal is thrown 

 into a number of loops. The oeso- 

 phagus is not in any way sharply 

 marked off from the stomach, and the 

 latter is nearly straight, extending only 

 a short way round the bend of the first 

 loop. There is a well-marked large in- 

 testine or rectum, ventral to which 

 lies the bladder. The spleen is an 

 oval red body lying at the side of the 

 stomach arid attached to the mesentery. 



fused, although they are 

 A B 



FIG. 258. A. Eight antebra- 

 chium and manus of a larval 

 Salamander, Salamandra 

 maculosa. After Gegenbaur. 



B. Right tarsus and adjoining 

 bones of Molge sp. After 

 Gegenbaur. 



1. Radius. 2. Ulna. 3. Bad- 

 iale. 4. Intermedium. 

 5. Ulnare. 6. Centrale. 

 7. Carpale 2. 8. Carpale 3. 

 9. Carpale 4. 10. Carpale 

 5. 11. Tibia. 12. Fibula. 

 13. Tibiale. 14. Intermed- 

 ium. 15. Fibulare. 

 16. Centrale. 17. Tarsale 1. 

 18. Tarsalia 4 and 5 fused. 

 i, n, m, iv, v. Digits. 



FIG. 259. Pelvic girdle of Molge 

 cristata from below x 4. 



1. Epipubis. 2. Ischiopubic 

 cartilage. 3. Ilium. 4. Is- 

 chium. 



