XX V] PKOBOSCIDEAE 685 



those in the upper jaw being developed, and finally that the upper 

 parts of the arms and legs are quite free from the body, instead of 

 being, as is usually the case with Mammals, buried inside the general 

 contour of the body. There are only two living species, the African 

 Elephant, Elephas africanus, inhabiting the forest region of tropical 

 Africa and hunted for its tusks, and the Indian Elephant, Elephas 

 indicus, inhabiting the jungles of India, Further India, Ceylon and 

 Sumatra, which is frequently domesticated. The canines are lost 

 and have left no traces. The molars succeed one another in a 

 horizontal row, never more than two being at any one time functional 

 (Fig. 343). The ridges on these teeth when worn present the appear- 

 ance of parallel bands in the Indian Elephant, but in the African 



1.1 



1.1 



FIG. 342. Skull of Hyrax (Procavia) dorsalis x . 



1. Nasal. 2. Parietal. 3. External auditory meatus. 4. Process 

 of the exoccipital. 5. Jugal. 6. Lachrymal foramen. il. First 

 incisor. 



they form diamond-shaped lozenges. The ears of the latter species 

 are very large and the trunk ends in two nearly equal prehensile 

 " lips " attached to its lower margin. In the Indian Elephant the 

 ears are smaller; there is but one finger-like "lip" at the end of 

 the trunk and this is attached to the upper margin of the 

 trunk. The skull is very massive, but the exterior gives an 

 erroneous impression of the size of the brain-case because the bones 

 are enormously thickened and contain large air-spaces, especially 

 in older specimens, where the frontals may attain a thickness of 

 one foot. The evolution of the Elephant from an ordinary type of 

 pig-like animal has been elucidated by the labours of Dr Andrews. 

 In the Glacial Period which immediately preceded the one in which 

 we are living, a hairy Elephant the Mammoth (Elephas primigenius] 



