XXV] FOSSIL REPKESENTATIVES 715 



central France belong to this race and they have contributed to the 

 population of the British islands. 



(4) The Mediterranean race, swarthy skinned dolichocephalic 

 people with wavy hair and dark eyes, the original inhabitants of Europe 

 in post-glacial times and the first race to evolve a civilization. To this 

 race belong the Arabs, the ancient Egyptians, as well as the modern 

 peasantry of that country, the Southern Italians, the Spanish, 

 Portuguese and Moors, and the Bretons and Gascons in France, and 

 the small dark people of Wales, Cornwall, the Western Highlands 

 and Ireland. 



(5) The Nordic race, fair skinned dolichocephalic people with 

 wavy hair and blue eyes. This race originated near the Baltic and 

 spread south conquering and organising the whole of Europe. It 

 represents not only a large and virile section of the population but 

 the aristocracies and ruling houses of Europe. To it belonged (a) 

 The "heroic" Greeks who fought at Troy and the "Dorian" 

 founders of Sparta. (6) Probably also the ancient "Patrician" 

 families of Rome, (c) The Goths, Germans and allied Barbarians 

 who overran and conquered the Roman Empire, (d) The Saxon 

 invaders of Britain, (e) The Norman invaders of Britain and Europe. 

 In its purest form it is found at the present time in the Scandinavian 

 Peninsula. Modern History may be said to be due to the initiative 

 and prowess of this race. The Alpine race has developed craftsman- 

 ship, they were the first to use metal tools whilst the Mediterranean 

 race evolved the ancient Egyptian civilization the oldest in the 

 world. 



The fossil representatives of the class Mammalia are exceedingly 

 numerous. It would lead us too far to give even such a general 

 account of them as was given of fossil Reptiliaj but a few hints as 

 to the light thrown by them on the ancestry of existing groups may 

 be given here. Mammalia seem to have been derived from the 

 early Reptilia of the Sandstones overlying the Coal Measures. One 

 group of these, the Theromorpha, in showing the division of the 

 teeth into three kinds, and in the envelopment of the quadrate 

 by the squamosal, are now regarded as the ancestors of the class. 

 Unfortunately the succeeding rocks are mostly of marine origin, and 

 in them few and fragmentary remains of Mammalia are preserved. 

 Some of these show small molars covered with many cusps similar 

 to the teeth of Ornithorhynchus and these teeth are classified as 

 the remains of an order MULTITUBERCULATA, the members of which 

 are supposed, like Ornithorhynchus, to have had a reptilian arrange- 

 ment of the genital organs. The remains are principally lower 



