INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



399 



Exoskel'eton (e'w, outside, and skeleton, 

 Irom ovce'AAw to dry), the external or 

 skin-skeleton : CUtiCUlar, 239, 277-279 : 

 cuticular and calcified, 315, 320: epi- 

 dermal (hair and nails): dermal, 312, 325 



Eye-spots or Ocelli : Medusa, 241 : 

 , 290, 299 



Faeces (faex, dregs), solid excrement, 

 consisting of the undigested portions of 

 the food, 16 



Ferm'ent (fermentum, yeast, from, for- 

 veo, to boil or ferment), a substance 

 which induces fermenta'tion, i.e. a 

 definite chemical change, in certain sub- 

 stances with which it is brought into 

 contact, without itself undergoing 

 change : unorganized and organized 

 ferments 80 : alcoholic, 76-81 : ace- 

 tous, 91 : diastatic or amylolytic, 81 : 

 lactic, 91 : peptonizing or proteolytic, 

 8 1 : putrefactive, 91 : ferment-cells of 

 Mucor, 168 



FERNS : Figures, 346, 356 : general 

 characters 344, 345 : histology of stem, 

 leaf, and root, 344-354 : nutrition, 354 : 

 spore-formation, 355 : prothallus and 

 gonads, 357-358 : development, 359 : al- 

 ternation of generations, 361 



Fertiliza'tion (fertilis, bearing fruit) ; 

 the process of conjugation of a sperm or 

 sperm-nucleus with an ovum, whereby 

 the latter is rendered capable of develop- 

 ment : a special case of conjugation 

 (g.v.), 199 : details of process, 263 : in 

 Vaucheria, 173 : in Gynmosperms, 376, 

 in Angiosperms, 383 



Filtering air, method of, 99 



Fins, Dogfish 324 



Fission (Jissio, a cleaving), Simple or 

 binary, the division of a mother- cell 

 into two daughter-cells : in Amoeba, 19 ; 

 Heteromita, 40 : animal- and plant-cells 

 generally, 65-67 : Paramcecium, 114 : 

 Vorticella 131 



Fission, multiple, the division of a 

 mother-cell into numerous daughter- 

 cells : in Heteromita, 42 : Protomyxa, 

 51 : Saccharomyces, 74 



Fission, process intermediate between 

 simple and multiple, Opalina, 124 



Flagella. See Cilium. 



Flag'ellate Infusoria, 107 



Flagell'ula (diminutive oiflagelluni), the 

 flagellate germ of one of the lower 

 organisms (often called zoospores, 51, 54 



FlageU'um (fiagellum, a whip) : defined! 

 25 : transition to pseudopod, 52, 231 



Floral receptacle, the abbreviated axis of 

 an angiospermous flower 378 



Flower, a specially modified cone (<;.?'.), 



having a shortened axis, which bears 

 perianth-leaves as well as sporophylls, 

 378 : often applied to the cone of Gymno- 

 sperms, 373 



Food-current, Mussel 320, 322 



Food-vacuole, a temporary space in the 

 protoplasm of a cell containing water 

 and food-particles, n, 112 



Foot : of Mussel, 320 : of phyllula of fern 



FORAMINIF'ERA (foramen, a hole \fero 

 to bear), 148 : Figures, 149, 150, 151 



Fragmenta'tion of the nucleus, 120 



Free cell formation, 377 



Fruit of Angiosperms, 384 



Func'tion (functio, a performing), mean- 

 ing of the term, 9 



Gam'ete (yaixew, to marry), a conjugating 

 cell, whether of indeterniinate or deter- 

 minate sex : Heteromita, 41 : Mucor, 

 165 : Spirogyra, 198 : Vaucheria 173 



Gamoblum (yd/no?, marriage : 0t'ps, life), 

 the sexual generation in organisms ex- 

 hibiting alternation of generations (.q.v.) : 

 progressive subordination of, to agamp- 

 bium in vascular plants, 361, 384 



Ganglion (yayyAiov, a tumour), a swelliffi| 

 on a nerve-cord in which nerve-cells ^j| 

 accumulated, 319, 323 



Gastric juice (yao-njp, the stomach), pr 

 perties of, 12 



Gast'rula (diminutive of yaonjp, the 

 stomach), the diploblastic stage of the 

 animal embryo in which there is a diges- 

 tive cavity with an external opening : 

 characters and Figure of, 265 : contrasted 

 with phyllula,, 360 



Gemma 'tion (gemma, a bud). See Bud- 

 ding. 



Genera'tion, asexual, See Agamobium. 

 Sexual. See Gamobium. 



Generations, Alternation of. See Al- 

 ternation of generations. 



Generalized, meaning of term, 140 



Ge'nus (genus, a race), generic name, 

 generic characters, 8, 139 



Germ-filter, 99 



Ger'minal spot, the nucleolus of the 

 ovum, 259 



Germina'tion (germinatio, a budding), 

 the sprouting of a spore, zygote, or 

 oosperm to form the adult plant : for 

 germination of the various types see 

 under their names. 



Gill, an aquatic respiratory organ. 318, 323, 

 324, 329 



Gland .(glows, an acorn), an organ of se- 

 cretion (q.v.) '. gland-cells, 231, 232, 285, 



Glochid'ium, 323 



Gon'ad (yot/os, offspring, seed), the essen- 



