406 



INDEX AND GLOSSARY 



Reservoir of contractile vacuole, Euglena, 

 47 



Respiration : Amoeba, 17 : Polygordius, 



284 

 Respiratory caeca, Starfish, 312 



Rhiz'oid(pia, root telSos, form): Nitella, 

 206, 214 : Moss, 335 : prothallus of Fern, 



Root, Fern, 344, 353 



Root-cap, 354 



Root-hairs, 353 , 357 



ROSS, Alexander, on abiogenetic origin of 

 mice, insects, &c., 96 



Rotation of protoplasm, 210 



Rudiment, rudimentary (mdimentum, a 

 beginning), the early stage of a part or 

 organ : often used for a structure which 

 has undergone partial atrophy, but in 

 such cases the word vestige (q. v.) is 

 more suitable. 



s 



SACCHAROMY'CES (<ra.Kxapov, sugar: 

 /ixu'/crjs, fungus): Figure, 72 : occurrence, 

 71 : structure, 71 : budding, 73 : in- 

 ternal fission, 74 : nutrition, 75 : alco- 

 holic fermentation caused by, 75, 79, 80 : 

 experiments on nutrition of, 78-80 : ani- 

 mal or plant? 182 



SALVIN'IA : Figure, 369 : general cha- 

 racters, 368 : mega- and micro-sporangia 

 and spores, 368 : male and female pro- 

 thalli and gonads, 369, 370 : development 

 and alternation of generations, 370 



Saprophyt'ic (o-a.7rp6s, putrid : fyvrov, 3. 

 plant) nutrition, defined, 39 



Schulze's solution, test for cellulose, 28 : 

 for lignin, 348. 349 



Scleren'chyma (ovcAijpo?, hard : e-yxv/u-a, 

 infusion) : Moss, 334 : Fern, 345, 348, 



Secre'tion (secrctus, separate), nature of, 

 231 : formation of cell- wall a process of, 

 *4 



Seed, formation of, 377, 384 : germination 

 of, 377 



Seg'ment (segmentwm, a piece cut off), in 

 plants a node together with the next 

 proximal internode, 208 : in animals the 

 name is variously applied. See Meta- 

 mere, Podomere. 



Segment'al cell: Nitella, 211: Moss, 

 335 : Fern, 350 



Segmentation, metameric. See Meta- 

 mere, 



SELAGINELL'A (o-eAa-yeou, to shine): 

 Figure, 372 ; general characters, 371 : 

 cone, sporangia, and spores, 371 : pro- 

 thalli and gonads, 371 : development and 

 alternation of generations, 372, 373 



Self-fertilization, applied to the sexual 



process when the gametes spring from 

 the same individual, 199 

 Sep'alS (separ, separate), the outer or 

 proximal perianth-leaves in the flower of 

 Angiosperms, 378 



Sep'tum (septttm, a barrier) : In plants 

 187 : in Polygordius, 280 : development 

 o f, 302 



Set'a (seta, a bristle), 290 

 Sex-cells, primitive, 255 : origin of in 



Hydroids, 247 : in Polygordius, 293 

 Sexual differentiation, illustrated by 



Vaucheria, 172 : by Spirogyra, 199 

 Sexual generation. See Gamobium. 

 Sexual reproduction, nature of, 42 

 Shell, Mussel, 320 

 Shoot, in plants, an axis of the second or 



any higher order with its leaves, 209 

 Sieve-tubes and plates, 350 

 Sinus (sinus, a hollow), a spacious cavity 



3i8 



Skeleton. See Endo- and Exo-skeleton. 

 Slime-fungi, See.Mycetozoa. 

 Solid aggregate, 203 



Somatic (o-w/u.a, the body), applied to the 



layer of mesoderm which is in contact 



with the ectoderm and with it forms the 



body-wall, 278 



Sor'us (eriopo?, a heap), an aggregation of 



sporangia, 354, 368 



Species (species, a kind), meaning of term 

 illustrated, 8, 137 ; definition of, 139 : 

 origin of, 141, 144 

 Specific characters, specific name, 8, 



139 



Specialized, meaning of, 140 

 Sperm (o-irep/ota, seed), the male or micro- 

 gamete in its highest stage of differentia- 

 tion : structure and development of, 255 : 

 see also under the various types, and 

 especially Vaucheria, 172, 173 

 Spermatozo id, spermatozo'on (o-7rep/u.a, 

 seed : a>ov, animal, from the actively 

 moving sperms of animals having been 

 supposed to be parasites), synonyms of 

 sperm. 



Spermary (orn-ep/ota, seed), the male gonad 

 or sperm-producing organ : see under the 

 various types, and especially Vaucheria, 

 172 



Sperm'iduct (<T7re'pju.a, seed : duco, to lead), 

 a tube conveying the sperm from the 

 ' spermary to the exterior, 295 

 SpermatOgen'esiS (o-Trep/u-a, seed ; yeVecrts, 

 origin), the development of a sperm from 

 a primitive sex-cell, 255, 256 (Figure). 

 Spinal cord, Dogfish, 330 

 Spiral vessel. See Vessel. 

 SPIRILL'UM O^Vrt, a coil) 86, 88 (Figure) 

 SPIROGYRA (spira, a coil : gyms, a revo- 

 tion) : Figure, 195 : occurrence and 

 general characters, 194 : microscopic 

 structure, 194 : growth, 197 : conjugation, 

 198 : development, 200 : nutrition, 200 



