THE GRASSHOPPER AND OTHER ORTHOPTERA 15 



it by rubbing together the sound-producing organs on the 

 bases of the fore wings. The female may be distinguished 

 by the absence of these organs and by the presence of an 

 ovipositor which frequently is of considerable length. 

 The white crickets which are usually found upon plants, 

 and the mole cricket which lives under ground and has 

 its fore legs modified for burrowing are less typical mem- 

 bers of the cricket family. 



Less popular relatives are the cockroaches, some species 

 of which are found under stones and logs while others pre- 

 fer to live within houses where they devour all sorts of 



FIG. ii. A common cockroach, Blattella germanica. a-e, various 

 stages of development, /, female carrying egg case; g, egg case. (After 

 Riley.) 



food-stuffs and make themselves a general nuisance. 

 They are very lively rascals, carrying on most of their 

 depredations at night, although they are often seen during 

 the day. Their flattened bodies enable them to crawl 

 into narrow crevices which afford them concealment. 

 The eggs are laid in a very peculiar egg case which is car- 

 ried around for a while by the female. 



More distant kin of the grasshoppers are the walking- 

 sticks and mantids. The former are remarkable for their 

 long, narrow body and slender legs, the whole insect being 

 readily mistaken for a twig. The leaf insect of the tropics 



