66 



ANIMAL BIOLOGY 



velop wings; the males and fertile females are winged as 

 they emerge from the pupa state, when they are commonly 

 spoken of as "flying ants." Like the bees the ants fly 

 out of the nest to mate; after the breeding period the males 

 soon die and the females strip off their wings and spend 

 the greater part of their life in the wingless state. Sir John 



FIG. 56. The little black ant (Monomorium minuluni). a, female; b, 

 same with wings; c, male; d, workers; e, pupa;/, larva; g, egg of worker 

 all enlarged. (After Marlatt.) 



Lubbock records having kept a queen ant for nearly 

 fifteen years. 



In some species there are more than three castes, be- 

 cause the sterile females are differentiated into soldiers, 

 workers proper, and more rarely other kinds of individuals. 

 The soldiers are relatively large and have big heads and 



