302 



ANIMAL BIOLOGY 



stinct, without knowledge and without understanding. 

 If intelligence is especially associated with the cerebral 

 hemispheres can we say that different faculties of the 

 mind are located in different regions of these parts of the 

 brain? A number of years ago several theorists elabo- 

 rated a system called phrenology, according to which 

 various faculties of the mind are located in different parts 

 of the brain, and therefore in order to determine what 



FIG. 215. Left side of a monkey's brain showing motor areas. When 

 these areas are stimulated movements are caused in the parts of the body 

 designated by the names upon the corresponding parts of the brain. 



faculties in a person were exceptionally well developed, it 

 was only necessary to study the shape of his head which 

 was supposed to give a fairly reliable index of the outline of 

 the brain. Phrenology has now fallen into disrepute. Dif- 

 ferent parts of the cerebrum, however, have different 

 functions, although various faculties of the mind cannot 

 be mapped out as the phrenologists had them located. 

 Near the middle of the cerebral hemispheres is the so-called 



