380 ANIMAL BIOLOGY 



entitled "The Kallikak Family," in which there is traced 

 the pedigree of several hundred descendants of one feeble- 

 minded girl. Martin Kallikak, a revolutionary soldier, 

 had by this girl an illegitimate and feebleminded son, 

 who raised a large family most of whom were feebleminded. 

 Altogether there were traced the histories of 480 direct 

 descendants of the feebleminded girl. Of these 143 

 were definitely known to be feebleminded while the mental 

 condition of 291 was doubtful. Thirty-six of the children 

 were illegitimate and 82 died in infancy; 33 descendants 

 were sexually immoral, 24 were confirmed drunkards, 

 8 keepers of disreputable houses; 3 were criminals and 3 

 epileptics. Only 46 were known to pass as normal. In 

 the Nam family studied by Davenport about 90 per cent, 

 were feebleminded, and about 90 per cent, of the men 

 were addicted to alcohol. One-fourth of the children 

 were illegitimate and the history of the family is one of 

 pauperism, debauchery and crime. The cost of this family 

 to the community is estimated at a million and a half 

 dollars. 



While we cannot properly speak of crime itself as 

 inherited, criminal tendencies are known to run through 

 families, some being addicted to thieving, others to crimes 

 of violence, etc. In the notorious Jukes family whose 

 members to the number of 2094 have been traced through 

 several generations there were 181 victims of intemperance, 

 299 paupers, 118 criminals, 378 prostitutes and 86 keepers 

 of brothels. In one branch of the family taking its origin 

 from a disreputable woman known as' Margaret, the 

 Mother of Criminals, there have been over 800 descend- 

 ants including numerous paupers, criminals and prostitutes. 



A very large proportion of the criminal class, but by no 

 means all, are of defective mentality. Fernald states that 

 in Massachusetts "at least 25 per cent, of the inmates of 



