IDENTIFICATION FROM BUDS. 7 



//. Suds roundish-oval, and about twice as long as broad. 



1. Only 1 or 2 bud- scales visible. 



(1) Young twigs with longitudinal ridges or angles, straight, deep 



red, or reddish-green ; buds slightly on one side, and not 

 immediately above the distinct leaf-scar 



7. SWEET-CHESTNUT. 



(2) Young twigs cylindrical ; buds blood-red or orange-red, with 1 



large and 1 small bud-scale to each bud . . 8. LIME. 



(a) Twigs smooth . . SMALL-LEAVED LIME. 



(b) Twigs slightly hairy . LARGE-LEAVED LIME. 



2. Several bud-scales visible ; buds round and somewhat pointed ; bud- 



scales dark-brown; young twigs more or less hairy, older twigs 

 with fine rich brown fissures in baric ... 9. ELM. 



(a) Twigs thin and very regular ; buds small and numerous ; 



leaf-scars small = ENGLISH ELM. 



(b) Twigs thicker and less regular ; buds and leaf - scars 



larger = SCOTS OR WYCH ELM. 



Hazel twigs are very similar to those of Elm ; 

 but Hazel-buds are rounder and flattened on one 

 side, and have pale brownish-green or reddish-green 

 bud -scales. 



C. BUDS ARRANGED SPIRALLY ON THE TWIGS. 



/. Buds stcdked, and apparently only 1 bud-scale visible, of a purple or 

 bluish colour 10. ALDER. 



//. Suds sessile, with apparently only 1 large bud-scale (though really 2 

 united) .11. WILLOW. 



(1) Buds hairy and very small; old twigs reddish - grey and 



dull = WHITE WILLOW. 



(2) Buds smooth and almost black; twigs brown and glossy 



CRACK OR REDWOOD WILLOW. 



(3) Buds smooth, yellowish or reddish, short and plump ^SAUGH 



OR GOAT WILLOW. 

 III. Buds sessile, with several bud-scales visible. 



1. Bud - scales more or less brown in colour, and smooth, or hairy 



only at tips and margins. 



(1) Buds dark reddish-brown and glossy, small, thin, and sharp- 

 pointed, about thrice as long as broad, and often arranged 

 almost alternately ; twigs thin, elastic, and often warty (on 

 dry ground), or downy (on wet ground) . .12. BIRCH. 



