IDENTIFICATION FROM LEAVES. 9 



(These are both easily distinguishable from the 5-lobed leaves of 

 the true Plane (Platanus), which are alternate, have the main nerve 

 of the lowest lobe on each side joining that of the larger lobe above, 

 and whose leaf-stalk is hollowed at the lower end, like a candle- 

 extinguisher, to enclose and protect the new bud.) 



B LEAVES ALTERNATE. 



1. Leaves ovate, short-stalked (\ to inch long) and smooth : 



(1) Leaves entire or obscurely toothed and short-pointed, with parallel 



veins wide apart from midrib to edge, silky and ciliated when 

 young 5. BEECH. 



(2) Leaves doubly serrated and long-pointed, with close parallel veins 



from midrib to edge, and usually downy in vein-axils on lower 

 side 6. HORNBEAM. 



(Compare 8. English Elm; but Hornbeam can easily be distin- 

 guished from the English Elm in being smooth and not oblique at 

 base, by the teeth and serratures being smaller, and by the parallel 

 veins being closer to each other.) 



2. Leaves on stalks ^ to 1 inch long, oblong-lanceolate, smooth, very 



coarsely and regularly serrated, pointed tip, and parallel veins 

 from the midrib to the teeth . . 7. SWEET- CHESTNUT. 



3. Leaves broadly ovate, almost sessile, doubly serrated, rough and very 



unequal or oblique at base (ELM) : 



(1) Leaves usually small and short-pointed, doubly-toothed, but not 



very rough . . 8. ENGLISH OR SMALL-LEAVED ELM. 



(2) Leaves large and broad, long-pointed, doubly-toothed and deeply 



serrate, usually rough above and somewhat downy below 



9. SCOTS OR WYCH ELM. 

 (A smooth-leaved variety, U. glabra, in the East of England is 



also called Wych Elm, and may possibly be indigenous.) 



1. Leaves with stalks f to 1 inch long, broadly heart-shaped or nearly 

 round, but not equally divided by the midrib, and always pointed, 

 toothed on edge, smooth above and more or less downy below, 

 especially in the angles of the main veins, the four lowest of 

 which usually converge on the leaf-stalk (LiME) : 



(1) Leaves small, smooth, dark-green on upper surface and pale-green 



beneath, with rusty-brown hairs in the vein angles 



10. SMALL-LEAVED LIME. 



(2) Leaves large, pale-green on both sides, with whitish hairs in vein- 



angles . . . . -. .11. LAKGE-LEAVED LIME. 



