10 SYLVICULTURE. 



(The leaf of the HAZEL is often somewhat like that of the SMALL- 

 LEAVED LIME, being alternate, broadly obovate or roundish and 

 pointed ; but it is easily distinguishable by its velvety upper 

 surface, its short leaf-stalk (under ^ inch), and its not having the 

 four lowest main veins usually converging to the leaf -stalk. ) 



C. LEAVES ARRANGED SPIRALLY ON THE TWIGS. 



1 . Leaves more or less ovate or oblong, and sometimes lobed. 



(1) Leaves usually obovate or oblong, irregularly sinuate or almost 



pinnatifid, with lobes usually obtuse (OAK) : 

 (a) Leaves sessile , or with short stalks, and broad, heart-shaped, 

 crinkled base, smooth . . 12. PEDUNCULATE OAK. 



(6) Leaves with stalk \ to 1 inch long, and wedge-shaped base, 

 more or less downy in vein-angles beneath 



13. SESSILE OR DURMAST OAK. 



(2) Leaves ovate or oblong, wrinkled, smooth dark - green above, 



greyish downy below, pointed and generally twisted at tip 



14. SAUGH OR GOAT WILLOW. 



(3) Leaves broadly ovate or nearly round, doubly serrated, smooth or 



slightly downy in vein-angles beneath (ALDER) : 

 (a) Leaves dark-green and sticky, somewhat indented at top, with 

 leaf-stalk 1 to 1| inch long (bark blackish-brown) 



15. COMMON OR BLACK ALDER. 

 (6) Leaves long-pointed and paler in colour (bark light grey) 



16. WHITE OR GREY ALDER. 



(4) Leaves broadly ovate or obovate, and more or less downy when 



young (SERVICE-TREE) : 



(a) Leaves loosely downy when young, but smooth when mature, 



broad and divided to near the middle into 5 or 7 broad and 

 pointed lobes bordered with small teeth 



17. WILD SERVICE-TREE. 



(b) Leaves green and smooth above, but covered with soft white 



cottony down below (as also the young shoots), doubly 

 serrated, sometimes undivided, sometimes more or less 

 primately lobed, and lobes rounded at top (not pointed) 



18. WHITEBEAM OR BEAM-TREE. 



(5) Leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long, toothed, 



smooth, with small free stipules often scarcely visible 



(CHERRY): 



(a) Leaves with a long stalk, sharply serrate, downy in vein-angles 

 beneath, drooping, with long leaf-stalk bearing 2 prominent 

 red glands . . . 19. GEAN OR WILD CHERRY. 



