IDENTIFICATION FROM FLOWERS. 13 



3. Flowers with 5-leaved calyx and corolla, numerous free stamens, 



and 1 pistil (CHERRY) : 



(1) Flowers in umbels, long-stalked, large and white, appearing 



before the leaves . . 7. WILD CHERRY OR GEAN. 



(2) Flowers in loose and often drooping racemes, short-stalked, 



small and white, appearing with the leaves 



8. WILD BLACK OR BIRD CHERRY. 



4. Flowers in branching corymbs, white, with bell-shaped calyx, 



united with the ovary and 5-cleft at edge, corolla 5-leaved 

 and attached, as also the numerous stamens, to the calyx, 

 ovary 5-celled, with 2 pistils (SERVICE-TREES) : 



(1) Flowers rather small, numerous 9. ROWAN OR MOUNTAIN- ASH. 



(2) Flowers rather larger, but not nearly so numerous, usually 



3 or 4 . . 10. WHITEBEAM OR BEAM-TREE. 



(3) Flowers fewer and larger than in (1), but more numerous 



and smaller than in (2) . . 11. WILD SERVICE-TREE. 



5. Flowers pale-yellow, in simple corymbs attached to a long 



lanceolate bract, with a 5-leaved calyx and 4- or 5-leaved 

 corolla, and 20 or more stamens free or very shortly adhering 

 in several clusters, and attached to the base of the calyx, 

 below the ovary, and 1 pistil (LiME) : 



(1) Corymbs with more than 3 flowers (5 to 13) 



12. SMALL-LEAVED LIME. 



(2) Corymbs usually with 2 or 3 flowers 



13. LARGE-LEAVED LIME. 



//. STAMENS NOT FREE, BUT UNITED INTO 2 BUNDLES ; flowers papilionaceous, 

 white, in loose, hanging racemes . 14. ROBINIA OR LOCUST-TREE. 



B. FLOWERS UNISEXUAL (i.e., containing either only the male organs or 

 only the female), ARRANGED IN CYLINDRICAL, OBLONG, OR ROUND 

 SPIKES (called catkins), AND MONCECIOUS, i.e., having both male and 

 female flowers on the same individual tree. 



I. Catkins cylindrical or short, with closely packed scales ; the male flowers 

 with 2 stamens, and the females with naked ovules, cither inserted 

 within the catkin scales or solitary and quite exposed (CONIFERS 

 see V., "Identification of Common Conifer Trees"). 



//. Catkins usually dense with closely packed scale-like bracts, rarely loose, 

 or with minute deciduous scales, which subsequently (in the female 

 flower) form an involucre for the fruit (Cupuliferce). 



1. Male catkins in slender and interrupted pendulous racemes, without 

 scales, but with a 5- to 9-cleft perianth and 5 to 9 stamens ; 



