IDENTIFICATION OF CONIFERS. 1*7 



F. FRUIT A CATKIN FORMED OP DEHISCENT CAPSULES IN THE FORM OF 

 LONG, NARROW PODS, OPENING LONGITUDINALLY INTO 2 VALVES, 

 AND CONTAINING MINUTE SEEDS, EACH WITH A TUFT OF LONG 



COTTONY HAIRS (Salicinece). 



1. Scales of the catkin entire . 16. WILLOW.* 



2. Scales of the catkin toothed, lobed, or jagged . . 17. POPLAR.* 



(* The chief species of WILLOW and POPLAR can best be distin- 

 guished by their leaves.) 



G. FRUIT A 1 -SEEDED DRUPE, EACH SEED BEING ENCLOSED IN A HARD 

 STONE SURROUNDED BY A FLESHY COVERING (CHERRY) : 



1. Fruits in umbels, long-stalked, large, red or black, smooth, round, 



and sweet, with a smooth stone 18. WILD CHERRY OR GEAN. 



2. Fruits in racemes, short - stalked, small, black, smooth, nearly 



round, and bitter-sweet, with a rough stone 



19. WILD BLACK OR BIRD CHERRY. 



H. FRUIT A BERRY (SORB) OR SMALL POME (miniature Apple), growing 

 in corymbs at the ends of short leafy branches (SERVICE-TREES). 



1. Berries numerous, small, round, and bright red 



20. ROWAN OR MOUNTAIN-ASH. 



2. Berries, usually 3 or 4, small, round or ovoid, brownish, with white 



spots . . . . . .21. WILD SERVICE-TREE. 



3. Berries large, round or ovoid, red or yellow, and covered with 



cottony down . . . .22. WHITEBEAM OR BEAM-TREE. 



7. FRUIT A LONG, MANY-SEEDED POD : 23. ROBINIA OR LOCUST-TREE. 



V. IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON CONIFER TREES. 



The Coniferce grown in British woodlands are characterised by having 

 linear or short and scale - like leaves ; monoecious flowers in short or 

 cylindrical catkins with closely-packed scales ; male flowers with stamens 

 inserted on the axis of the catkin within the scales, or the anther-cells 

 sessile on the inside of the scales, which then form part of the stamens ; 

 female flowers with naked ovules and seeds (without ovary, style, or 

 pericarp), either inserted within the catkin-scales or solitary and quite 

 exposed. The Conifers grown as timber-crops in Britain belong only to 

 the two following tribes, Abietinece and Cupressinece : 

 I. Flowers monoecious, male ca'tkins small and cylindrical, with 2 anther- 

 cells to each scale ; fruit a dry woody cone, with cone-bracts arranged 

 spirally, 2 winged seeds within each scale (ABIETINECE) : 

 A. EVERGREEN TREES with leaves ranged spirally round the short 

 shoots, and from second year onwards divided into 2, 3, or 5 

 B 



