34 SYLVICULTURE. 



Willows, Poplars, and Weymouth and Maritime Pines do best 

 in the warmer parts of England ; that Alder, Ash, Pedunculate 

 Oak, English Elm, Maple, Willows, and Poplars thrive best on 

 low-lying land; and that Scots Elm, Sessile Oak, Sycamore, 

 Scots Pine, Spruces, Silver and Douglas Firs, and Larch do 

 best in the north of Britain and on hilly land. A damp 

 climate suits Spruce, Red Cedar, Pacific Douglas Eir, Beech, 

 Wych Elm, and Sycamore ; while Larch, Scots and Black 

 Pines, Colorado Douglas Fir, Oak, and Common Elm prefer a 

 dry climate. Beech, Ash, Chestnut, Robinia, Menzies Spruce, 

 and Silver and Pacific Douglas Firs are most liable to damage 

 by frost ; while Aspen, Birch, Elm, Hornbeam, Lime, Sallow, 

 Larch, Spruce, Colorado Douglas Fir, and Red Cedar are the 

 hardiest against winter cold and late frosts ; though all kinds 

 are more likely to be nipped by late frost when growing on 

 land exposed to the early morning sunshine. Common Spruce 

 and Common Larch are hardier than Menzies Spruce and 

 Japanese Larch. 



(2) As regards soil and situation, with increasing altitude 

 the temperature falls and the air becomes moister, but this is 

 not very marked in our generally damp climate. Conifers 

 generally are less exacting and have a greater accommodative 

 power than broad-leaved trees as to moisture and mineral food, 

 the most accommodative being Aspen, Birch, Sallow, and Scots 

 Pine, and the least accommodative Ash and English Elm. 

 Depth, permeability, and a moderate amount of moisture are 

 of more importance than any particular kind of soil ; for it is 

 of greater physiological advantage that the root-system of any 

 tree should develop freely and normally, and that the situation 

 should (as regards climate, natural drainage, aspect, &c.) be 

 suitable, than that the soil itself should be sandy, loamy, 

 clayey, or limy. With favourable physical properties any soil 

 will furnish sufficient plant-food for good tree -growth; but 

 Oak, Ash, Elm, Chestnut, Maple, Sycamore, Larch, Douglas 



