X ILLUSTRATIONS. 



21. The Measuring-Board ..... 92 



22. The Mirror-Hypsometer ..... 93 



23. The Telescope-Hypsometer . . . . 94 



24. Best form of Calliper ..... 95 



25. Pressler's Borer ...... 100 



26. Actual rate of growth of Pine woods on medium land . 110 



27. (a) Regular Series of Annual Falls ; (b) Part of a Regular 



Course of Annual Falls . . . . .111 



28. 29. Subdivision of Woodlands into Compartments . 117, 118 



30. A Scots Pine Conifer working- circle . . .122 



31. Method of Severance . . . . .123 



32. A 7-foot Straining-post at end of a six-wired fence, 4 feet 



high 167 



33. Cheap form of Fence . . . . .169 



34. Damage caused by Game and Rodents . . .170 



35. Clear-felling of a Spruce-wood, mixed with Scots Pine and 



Beech (Saxony, 1900) . . . . .188 



36. A sample-plot of Scots Pine ringed with bands of patent 



tar to ascertain if the Nun-moth (Liparis monacha) is 

 present (Saxony, 1900) . . . . .189 



37. Spud and smoothing-stick (about ^th real size) . . 191 



38. Elm-bark Beetle, magnified five times . . .196 



39. Hylesinus piniperda, magnified seven times . .197 



40. Bark showing main and larval galleries and 2 air-holes 



natural size. The ^ keeps near the entrance-hole, while 



the $ bores the gallery . . . . .197 



41. Shoot of Scots Pine, showing entrance-hole, and (where 



slice removed) boring of a beetle, f natural size . .197 



42. Portion of young Ash-trunk with borings of H. fraxini, 



| nat. size ...... 199 



43. The large Pine-weevil (Hylobius abietis] . . . 202 



44. Young Spruce gnawed by the large Pine-weevil (Hylobius 



abietis}, natural size ..... 202 



45. The small Pine- weevil (Pissodes notatus) . . . 204 



46. Young Pine-stem barked to show the pupal-chambers and 



exit-holes of Pissodes notatus (half natural size) . . 204 



47. The Common Cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris] . . 206 



48. Large Poplar Longicorn ..... 208 



49. Wire-worms . . . . . .210 



50. Winter Moth (natural size) , , , .214 



