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CHAPTEE II. 



THE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF WOODLAND MANAGEMENT. 



The Management of Woodlands treats of the best way of 

 carrying out an owner's intention regarding his woodlands, so 

 as to get continuously the largest annual income obtainable 

 from the given capital represented by the land and the timber- 

 crops suited to the soil, climate, elevation, exposure, &c. And 

 in State forests and large private woodlands the management 

 also deals with the organisation of the administrative and 

 executive staff. 



The capital required in forestry consists partly in land and 

 partly in the growing timber-crops. In highwoods worked with 

 a long rotation the capital in wood forms by far the greater 

 part, whereas in copse-woods with a much lower rotation there 

 is less difference in the proportion between the two forms of 

 capital. But as regards woodlands it should be noted that 

 the commodities they produce timber, fuel, bark, &c. are 

 exactly of the same description as part, and generally the greater 

 part, of the capital which produces it. Hence the annual falls 

 must be carefully regulated so as neither to decrease seriously 

 the capital in wood nor yet fail to harvest the greatest possible 

 annual increment. One must therefore distinguish carefully 

 between capital and increment, and must every few years take 

 stock of the capital in wood, to see that only a proper quantity 

 is being cut. The amount of the produce harvested can be 



