112 THE MANAGEMENT OF WOODLANDS. 



tion, while J-t-9J = 10 is the mature yield or annual fall harvested every 

 tenth year. Say, therefore, the area of the coppice working-circle were 

 80 acres, with a 10 year rotation, and the annual fall produced a net in- 

 come of 5 per acre ; then the total annual fall would be 8 acres, and its 

 net value 40 ; and according to the formula the normal wood-capital 

 invested to produce this result continuously would practically be = | 

 (40 x 10 years), or 200 in all. And it is precisely the same with high- 

 wood crops, even when they are subdivided into periodic age-classes and 

 regenerated naturally as, for example, in Beech- woods worked with 100 

 years' rotation and divided into five periods of I., 80-100; II., 60-80; 

 III., 40-60; IV., 20-40; and V., 0-20 years, when each periodic class is 

 regarded as having the mean average age of 90, 70, 50, 30, and 10 years 

 respectively. 



As regards choice of Sylvicultural Method, it is self-evident 

 that Simple Coppices, worked with a low rotation, lock up the 

 smallest amount of capital in wood, and permit a relatively 

 large area to be felled annually ; but they furnish only small- 

 sized wood now of little value, such as hop-poles, pea- and bean- 

 ;sticks, hurdle- and crate-wood, thatching-rods, faggots, &c. 



Stored Coppice furnishes the same class of small produce 

 :from the underwood, but also gives a small proportion of larger 

 poles, and of timber from the various age-classes of standard 

 trees forming the overwood ; and, owing to the standard trees, 

 this method locks up more capital than simple coppice, although 

 the proportionate area annually filled is just the same, being 

 regulated by the rotation adopted for the coppice underwood. 



Highwoods, worked with a longer rotation, give a relatively 

 imuch smaller annual fall as regards area, though a much larger 

 out-turn in timber ; but they lock up far more capital in the 

 growing-stock required. 



Thus, for example : 



Annual Fall. 



(1) 600 acres with 15 years' rotation as Coppice = 40 acres. 



(2) ,, ,, as Stored Coppice = 40 acres + 



standards of 30, 45, 60, and 75 

 years old. 



(3) ,, 60 years' rotation as Highwood = 10 acres. 



