188 



THE PROTECTION OF WOODLANDS. 



Preventive Measures against Insect Attacks consist in 



1. Only growing tree-crops suited for the given soil, situation, and 



climate. 



2. Forming mixed woods in groups suited to soil, &c., rather than 



large pure woods. 



3. Careful weeding of young plantations and thinning of all older 



woods. 



4. Speedy removal of all thinnings and timber felled, and clearance or 



burning of the branches and brushwood left on felled areas. 



Clear- f elling of a Spruce-wood, mixed with Scots Fine and Beech (Sc 



1900), 



Conifers barked for protection against beetles, the bark being stacked and the brush - 

 wo "1 piled in heaps for sale. Nairow rings of bark are left at ends and middle of 

 . each log, to prevent excessive cracking during seasoning. 



5. Barking of all Conifer logs left lying in the woods after the end of 



April (Fig. 35). 



6. Grubbing up Conifer stumps, if saleable for fuel ; otherwise barking 



and burning them along with the brushwood, to make them un- 

 suitable as breeding-places for Pine-weevils. 



7. Encouraging the increase of insectivorous birds by hanging up nesting- 



boxes, and preserving, so far as practicable, all the different kinds 

 of the natural enemies of injurious insects. 



8. Rectifying as soon as possible any damage done in the woodlands (by 



wind, snow, fire, &c.). 



