LARGE PINE-SHOOT BEETLE. 



197 



egg-laying (or later if spring cold and backward), the exit-holes making 

 stems sometimes look as if riddled with snipe-shot. The beetles either 

 pair at once and produce a second generation within the year, or else 

 bore into young Pine-shoots and breed during the warmer months or 

 in the following spring, the beetle hibernating in bark-fissures or under 

 moss, or boring into the thick bark near the ground. Warm weather 

 favours a double generation. Beetles of the second generation and any 



Fig. 40. 



Fig. 41. 



Bark showing main and larval 

 galleries and 2 air-holes nat- 

 ural size. The keeps near 

 the entrance-hole, -while the 9 

 bores the gallery. 



Hylesinus piniperda, 

 magnified seven 

 times. 



Shoot of Scots Pine, showing en- 

 trance-hole, and (where slice 

 removed] boring of a beetle, \ 

 natural size. 



of the first generation late in developing bore into the tops of the youngest 

 Pine-shoots just below the buds (entrance-hole generally noticeable by a 

 shell of resin round it), feed on the pith, and either turn and leave again 

 by the same hole, or else make a special exit-hole. Shoots thus hollowed 

 break and fall during storms, and the trees attacked look as if pruned. 

 With frequent attacks, the crowns assume a pointed pyramidal shape, from 

 continuous loss of side-shoots, and often become stag-headed. 



