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CHAPTEK III. 



TIMBER-TRANSPORT BY LAND AND WATER. 



1. Transport in Woodlands and on Roads. After logs are 

 dragged from the interior of woods to the rides or the roads by 

 horses, they have to be carted on 4-wheeled timber-waggons 

 or a 2-wheeled timber-lob or janker, or conveyed by a tramway 

 to some central depot, sawmill, railway-station, wharf, &c. ; and 

 sometimes a traction-engine is used for heavy road -traffic. 

 Dragging is mostly done by horses in Britain, but on the 

 Continent oxen are largely employed. The dragging of heavy 

 logs can be facilitated by the use of a dragging-shoe slipping 

 below the end of the log, or by raising the logs fore and aft 

 on little sledges. 



The common timber-waggon has 4 broad-flanged wheels, the 

 hind pair being adjustable according to the length of the log, 

 which is fixed by chains to the long pole forming the beam 

 of the cart, and levered up high enough to swing clear of the 

 ground. The timber-bob or janker consists of two broad-flanged 

 wheels with a curved iron axle, upon the top of which rests a 

 strong iron-shod shaft ending in a strong iron hook. This is 

 brought into position over a log round which an iron chain has 

 been loosely put near its centre of gravity ; and on the tip of 

 the shaft being elevated and the hook at the other end slipped 

 under the chain, the log is raised to swing clear of the ground 

 by the tip of the shaft being pulled down again and the end of 



