310 



CHAPTEK V. 



WOODLAND INDUSTRIES I ESTATE SAWMILLS, PREPARATION OF 

 WOOD-PULP AND CELLULOSE, CHARCOAL - MAKING, RESIN - 

 TAPPING, ETC. 



As a rule, the forester is only called upon to work small 

 sawmills in order to convert timber grown on the estate into 

 posts, stobs, rails, gates, &c., required for fences, and boards, 

 beams, rafters, &c., needed for buildings. Such sawmills are 

 driven either (1) by water-power, with vertical mill-wheels, 

 usually overshot, or (2) by portable steam-engines, used also 

 for other estate work, or (3) by fixed steam- or oil-engines when 

 conversion is large and continuous. But it often happens that 

 the use of a portable engine, working portable saw-benches and 

 circular saws for cross-cutting logs and sawing them up, will 

 enable a great saving to be made in disposing of wood in places 

 distant from a good and ready market ; because by converting 

 on the spot there is a considerable saving 011 transport in 

 getting rid of the bark and the small sapwood-slabs, for which 

 there may be no sale ; and when such wood is needed for estate 

 purposes close by, the inclusion of a creosoting-plant is also 

 economical. When large sales of timber are made, the wood- 

 merchant usually stipulates for the right to erect portable 

 sawing-machinery either in or near the woods. But on most 

 large estates it is usual to have the sawmill, whether driven 

 by water-power or by steam, stationary at some convenient 



