344 



INDEX. 



Transplants, cost of, 57, 72. 

 Transport of plants, 60. 



,, of timber, 291-298. 

 Transverse pressure, resistance to, 273, 



274. 



Tree-seeds, collection and extraction of. 

 289. 



,, -stumps, extraction of, 282. 

 Trees, estimating the age of, 98. 



,, , our woodland, 1-19. 

 Trespass, 160. 



Trichosphceria parasitica, 236, 241. 

 Trimming of coppice-stools, 81. 



,, of plants, 55. 

 Turbines, 311. 



Turpentine, preparation of oil of, 328. 

 Tussock moth, the Pale, 193, 211, 230. 

 Twig-clusters, 245. 



,, -twister moths, 194, 216. 

 Twisted fibre, 272. 



Umber moth, mottled, 194, 216, 230. 

 Underplanting, 78, 234. 

 Underwood, 44. 



Uniform natural regeneration, 82, 84. 

 Universal wedge, 282. 

 Unsoundness in timber, 273. 

 Uredinece, 236, 267, 243-248. 

 User, rights of, 160. 

 Uses of British timber, 277-279. 

 Utilisation of woodland produce, 261- 

 329. 



Valuation for rating, 140. 



,, for succession duty, 141. 

 ,, of timber-crops and wood- 

 lands, 139-146. 

 Value of mature timber-crops and of 



thinnings, 139-146. 

 of timber, market, 279. 

 Vapourer moth, 193, 213, 230. 

 Vegetable mould, 35, 234. 

 ,, parchment, 323. 

 Vermin, damage by, 174-177, 181-232. 

 Vertical notching, 65, 67. 



water-wheels, 311. 

 Vigour of old trees, stimulating the, 



253. 



Violet mixture, 239. 

 Voles, damage by, 175-177. 

 Vulcanisation of timber, 302. 



Waggon-timber, 279. 

 Waggons for timber- transport, 291. 

 Warping of wood, 272. 

 Wasteland, 25. 



Waste wood, utilisation of, 218. 

 Water, relation of wood towards, 272. 

 Waterlogging of land, 253. 

 Water-power sawmills, 310, 311. 

 ,, -shoots, 296. 

 ,, -supplies, influence of woodlands 



on, 26. 



,, -wheels, vertical, 311. 

 Wedge, the Universal, 282. 

 Weeding in nurseries, 57. 



of plantations, 75, 233. 

 Weevils, 192, 201-206. 

 Weight of wood, 271. 

 Wetness, damage by, 253. 

 Whitebeam, 5, 8, 10, 13, 17. 

 White-grub (see "Cockchafer"). 

 ,, -piping in Oak, 273. 

 ,, -rot, 237, 250, 273. 

 -scale, the felted, 195, 227, 232. 

 Whortleberry, 51. 

 Willow, different kinds of, 5, 7, 11, 



15, 17. 

 -bark, 288. 



-beetle, 193, 209, 230. 

 -leaf fungus, 236, 237, 244. 

 -longhorn beetle, 193, 208, 



230. 



-rust fungi, 236, 237, 244. 

 -scale, 195, 227. 

 -weevil, 192, 205. 

 Wind, damage by, 254. 



,, protection against, 120-123, 



255. 



,, -screens or shelter- belts, 74. 

 Windfall, 254. 

 Winter frosts, damage by, 255. , 



,, moth, 194, 214, 231. 

 Wire-fences, erection and cost of, 166- 



169. 



Wireworms, 210, 230. 

 Witches' brooms, 245. 

 Wood, anatomical structure of, 264. 

 -boring moths, 194, 219. 



,, bark-beetle, 192, 201. 

 chemical composition of, 268. 

 -consuming industries, 278. 

 - demon, 282. 



Leopard-moth, 194, 221, 231. 

 mechanical properties of, 273- 



277. 



physical properties of, 270 273. 

 -pulp, preparation of, 319. 

 -tar, 327. 

 technical properties of, 263- 



279. 

 -vinegar, 327. 



