MALE ORGANS. 47 



lated with the filament, across which it is placed, and on 

 which it swings. In the latter case it either bears an anther- 

 lobe on both arms 210 , or only on one 213 ; Ex, Salvia. 



368. The cavities of the anther containing the pollen are 

 the cells, and the place by which the pollen is emitted is the 

 point or line of dehiscence ; the membranous sides of the 

 anther are named the valves. 



369. Dehiscence usually takes place along a line, which 

 may be considered to indicate the margin of the limb out of 

 which the anther is formed ; Ex. Rose. 



370. Sometimes a portion only of this line opens, and then 

 the anther is said to dehisce by pores ; Ex. Azalea. 



371. If the line of dehiscence occupies both margins of the 

 connective, and not the centre of the lobes, the anther opens 

 by one valve instead of two, which is then hinged by its upper 

 edge ; Ex. Berberry. 



372. The cells of the anther are usually two in number : 

 sometimes they are four 239 ; Ex. Tetratheca : rarely one ; Ex. 

 Epacris : and still more rarely several ; Ex. Viscum 223 . 



373. The number of cells appears to be determined by no 

 certain rule. 



374. Sometimes the cells are folded down upon themselves 

 and become sinuous 237 ; in other cases they are prolonged into 

 bristles 227 24 , or tubes 224 , or even into a spur 211 ; Ex. Mela- 

 stomacese. 



375. Although in most cases the line of dehiscence is 

 parallel with the anther-lobes, it is occasionally transverse 238 . 

 In Laurus the transverse and hinged (371) dehiscence being 

 combined 226 , the face of the anther breaks up into four hinged 

 lobes. 



376. It may be conjectured that the transverse dehiscence of 

 an anther is analogous to the transverse articulation of 

 petioles (203). 



377. The anthers frequently grow together by their mar- 

 gin ; Ex. Composite. Such anthers are called syngenesious. 



378. The Pollen is formed by a peculiar modification of the 

 cellules of the parenchyma of the anther. 



379. It consists of hojlow cases, of extreme smallness, con- 

 taining a fluid in which float grains of starch and drops of oil. 



380. It is furnished with apertures 229 , through which its 



