FRUIT. 



61 



515. The Siliqua consists of two carpels fastened together, 

 the placentae of which are parietal, and separate from the 

 valves, remaining in the form of a replum (505), and con- 

 nected by a membranous expansion 266 . 



516. When the siliqua is very short, or broader than it is 

 long, it is called a Silicula. 



517. The Nut or Gland is a dry, bony, indehiscent, one- 

 celled fruit, proceeding from a pistil of three cells, and en- 

 closed in an involucre called a Cupule ; Ex. the Hazel, Acorn. 

 It is a sort of compound achenium. 



In some Palms, Ex. Sagus, it is covered by scales turned downwards 273 . It is 

 often bordered by expansions or wings which surround it longitudinally, as 

 in the Elm 247 ; or transversely, as in Paliurus 261 ; or proceed from the apex or 

 back only, as in Sycamore 252 , in which case it receives the name of Samara. 



518. The Cremocarp is a pair of Achenia, then called 

 mericarps, placed face to face, and separating from a central 

 axis ; Ex. Umbelliferar 55 . Their planes of union constitute 

 the commissure. 



519. The Nuculanium is a capsule, which, being fleshy, 

 does not dehisce ; Ex. Grape, Arbutus 570 . 



520. The Pyxis is a capsule whose dehiscence takes place 

 transversely 253 254 ; Ex. Hyoscyamus, Anagallis. 



521. The Efario is a collection of distinct, indehiscent 

 carpels, fleshy or dry, within a calyx ; Ex. Rubus 272 . 



522. The Berry is a succulent fruit, the seeds of which lose 

 their adhesion when ripe, and lie loose in pulp ; Ex. a Goose- 

 berry. 



