EXOGEN/E COROLLIFLOR2E. 139 



rolla regular or irregular. Anthers united into a tube. 

 Ovary inferior, one-celled, with an erect ovule. Embryo with- 

 out albumen. 



Division 1. Cichoracea. Florets all ligulate. Milky. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Hieracium, Taraxacum. 



Division 2. Corymbifera. Florets in part or wholly tubu- 

 lar. Corolla funnel-shaped. Involucrum hemispherical, leafy 

 or scaly, soft, seldom spiny. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Chrysanthemum, Tussilago. 



Division 3. Cynaracea. Florets wholly tubular. Corolla 

 with a ventricose throat. Involucrum hard, conical, and gene- 

 rally spiny. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Carduus, Cynara, Onopordum. 



Division 4. Labiatiflvra. Florets bilabiate. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Mutisia, Triptilion. 



USES. Among the Cichoraceous division a narcotic prin- 

 ciple is commonly found, which in the garden Lettuce is so 

 diffused as to be bland, and in Lactuca virosa is so concen- 

 trated as to render the extract similar to opium in effect. 

 Succory, Endive, Salsafy, Scorzonera, well-known esculents, 

 belong here. Of the Corymbiferous division, Chamomile is 

 characteristic, with its bitter tonic qualities. Many others, 

 such as Coltsfoot, Elecampane, Feverfew, correspond in pro- 

 perties with Chamomile. Wormwood, Southernwood, species 

 of Artemisia, are aromatic and extremely bitter ; Tarragon, a 

 pungent herb, used for pickling, is Artemisia Dracunculus. 

 Pellitory of Spain, which is acrid, and excites the salivary 

 organs powerfully, is Anacyclus Pyrethrum ; and similar 

 effects are produced by Spilanthus oleracea, Bidens tripartita, 

 and others. The Sunflower, Guizotia oleifera, Madia sativa, 

 and others, yield a bland oil when their seeds are pressed. 

 Jerusalem artichokes, a well-known article of food, are the 

 tubers of Helianthus tuberosus. The Cynaraceous division con- 

 sists principally of bitter plants. Centaurea calcitrapa, Sily- 

 bum (or Carduus) Marianum, Cnicus Benedictus, and the 

 common Burdock, are all stomachics of some importance. 

 The flowers of Carthamus tinctorius are dried for the use of 

 the dyers, and resemble Saffron. The fleshy receptacles of 

 Cynara Scolymus are the artichoke bottoms of our kitchens. 



