EXOGEN^ COROLLIFLORJE. 141 



and VII. The preceding wood -cut will assist him in under- 

 standing the distinctions of that author. 



1. Tubular floret of Webbia aristata, with double pappus (Vernoniacea, D.C.) 2. 

 Tubular floret and stigma of Anisochaeta mikanioides, with pappus of 4 setae (Eupa- 

 toriacetB, D.C.) 3. Tubular floret of Berthelotia lanceolata, with silky pappus (Aste- 

 roidea, D.C.) 4. Stigma of Blumea senecioides (Asteroidete, D.C.) 5. Ligulate floret 

 and stigma of Lipochaeta umbellata ; pappus of two unequal winged paleae (Senecio- 

 nulece, D.C.) 6. Stigma of Dunantia achyranthes (Senecionidcce, D.C.) 7. Tubular 

 floret with ventricose throat and the stigma of Aplotaxis Nepalensis (Ci/narete, D.C.) 

 8. Ligulate bilabiate floret of Oreoseris lanuginosa (Mutisiacetz, D.C.) 9. Ligulate 

 floret of Brachyramphus obtusus (Cictioracete, D.C.) 



90. Galiac&e, or Stellate. Herbaceous plants, with 

 whorled leaves, destitute of stipules. Stems usually angular. 

 Calyx 4-5- or 6-lobed. Corolla valvate, rotate or tubular, 

 regular. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, 

 and alternate with them. Ovary 2-celled ; ovules solitary, 

 erect. Fruit a didymous, indehiscent pericarp. Embryo 

 minute, straight, in horny albumen. 



USES. The roots of Bubia tinctorum yield madder, a 

 quality in which others participate, though in a less degree. 

 The yellow flowers of Galium verum are used to curdle milk. 

 The fragrant Woodruff has the reputation of being diuretic ; 

 Asperula cynanchica is said to be astringent. Except the 

 species used for dyeing, none are of any real importance. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Asperula, Galium, Rubia. 



91. Goodeniacea. Herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs, with- 

 out milk. Leaves scattered, without stipules. Flowers 

 showy. Calyx superior, equal or unequal. Corolla more or 

 less irregular, split at the back ; the segments folded inwards 

 in aestivation. Stamens 5, distinct. Ovary with indefinite 

 ovules; stigma surrounded by a membranous cup. Fruit 

 a capsule ; albumen fleshy. 



USES. Unknown. TYPICAL GENERA. Goodenia, Euthales. 



92. Scawlacea. Herbaceous plants with the flowers 

 axillary or terminal, and never in heads. Calyx superior, 

 sometimes obsolete. Corolla irregular, split at the back, 

 the edges of the divisions folded inwards in aestivation. Sta- 

 mens 5, distinct ; anthers distinct or united. Ovary few- 

 celled, with solitary erect ovules ; stigma surrounded by a 

 cup. Fruit drupaceous or nucamentaceous. 



USES. Unknown. 



TYPICAL GENERA. Sceevola, Dampiera. 



