210 ALLIANCES OF PLANTS. 



Alliance 3. Casuarales. Carpels solitary. Stems jointed 

 and furnished with sheaths. 



129. Casuaracese. 



Alliance 4. Ulmales. Carpels two. Leaves rough. 



130. Ulmaceae . Bitter, astringent 



(Elm). 



Alliance 5. Datiscales. Seeds numerous. Leaves alternate. 



Flowers epigynous . . 131. Datiscaceae . Bitter. 

 Flowers hypogynous . 132. Lacistemacese. 



Of the orders in this natural group, Garryacese point to Gnetacese through Chloran- 

 thaceae, and so establish a connection with Gymnospermous Exogens. Their approxima- 

 tion to Curvemhryosas by Urticaceae is pointed out under that group. Their relation to 

 Achlamydosse is demonstrated by Ceratophyllese, Lacistemacese, Podostemaceae, and 

 Callitrichaceae. 



GROUP II. ACHLAMYDOSJ3. 



Alliance 1. Piperales. Flowers in spikes. Apocarpous. 



Leaves opposite, with inter- 133. Chloranthaceae . Aromatic, stimu- 

 petiolar stipules. lant. 



Leaves alternate. Carpels 134. Saururaceae. 

 several. 



Leaves alternate. Carpels 135. Piperaceae . Stimulant, pungent, 

 solitary, aromatic (Pep- 



per). 



Alliance 2.Salicales. Flowers in catkins. Apocarpous. 



Polyspermous, with comose 136. Salicaceae . Bark febrifugal 



* eeds - (Willow). 



Monospermous . . 137. Platanaceae. 



Polyspermous, with naked 138. Balsamaceae. 

 seeds. 



Alliance 3.Monimiales. Flowers in an involucre. 



Anthers bursting lengthwise .139. Monimiaceae Aromatic. 



Anthers bursting by re- 140. Atherospermaceaa Ditto, 

 curved valves. 



Alliance 4,Podostemales. Carpels two, united. Seeds in- 

 definite. 



141. Podostemaceae. 



