ALLIANCES OF PLANTS. 



219 



The relations of the groups may therefore be expressed thus : 



Polycarposae, Dicarposae, 



Epigynosae, Nucamentosae, 



Aggregosae. 



With regard to the connection of Monopetalous Exogens with other parts of the 

 system, they appear to have only the following strongly-marked affinities : 



With Polypetalae through 



With Incompletae 



Gentianaceae 



Ebenaceae 



Galiaceae 



Caprifoliacese 



Myrsinaceae 



Ericaceae 



Cinchonaceae 



? Solanaceae 



to 



Melastomaceaj. 

 Clusiaceae. 



Apiaceae. 



Rhamnaceae. 

 Rutaceae. 

 Cunoniaceae. 

 Nyctaginaceae. 



It also results from the previous investigations, that true Exogens are only connected 

 immediately with other classes by the following points : 



With Endogens through 



With Gymnospermae 



Ranunculaceae 



Nymphaeaceae 



Menispermaceae 



Aristolochiaceae 



Chloranthaceae 



Alismaceae. 



Hydrocharaceae. 



Smilaceae. 



Araceae. 



Gnetaceae. 



CLASS II. GYMNOSPERMAE. 



Stem with articulations. 

 Fruit in spikes. 



Stem bearing many buds. 

 Fruit single. 



Stem terminated by a sin- 

 gle bud. Leaves gyrate 

 before developement. 



Stem bearing many buds. 

 Fruit in cones. 



228. Gnetacese. 



229. Taxaceae . 



230. Cycadacese 



231. Pinaceae or Co- 

 niferse. 



These plants are connected by close affinity ; but some links 

 They are in alliance with other parts of the system, thus : 

 With Exogens through Gnetaceae to 



With Endogens Cycadaceae 



With Acrogens Pinaceae 



Cycadaceae 



Leaves deleterious 

 (Yew). 



Wood contains 

 starch. 



Terebintaceous 

 ( Turpentine, 

 Pitch, &c.) 

 in the chain are wanting 



Chloranthaceae. 

 Palmaceae. 

 Lycopodiaceae. 

 Filicales. 



CLASS III. ENDOGENS. 



These comprehend the following groups : 



1. Epigynosce. Anthers distinct. Flowers complete. Ovaiy inferior. 



2. Gynandrosce. Stamens united with the styles. Flowers complete. 



Ovary inferior. 



3. Hypogynosce. Flowers coloured, with its parts in threes. Ovary 



superior. 



4. Retosce. Leaves netted, with a taper footstalk articulated with the 



stem. Floral envelopes complete. 



5. Spadicosce. Flowers herbaceous, or imperfect. Perianth often absent. 



Embryo with a lateral slit. 



6. Glumosce, Bracts scalelike in the room of a perianth. 



