xii CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



EYE (general description and development) 181 



of Fishes 184 



of Amphibians 186 



of Reptiles and Birds 186 



of Mammals 188 



Retina 189 



Accessory Organs in Connection with the Eye 191 



a. Eye-Muscles 191 



b. Eyelids 191 



c. Glands 192 



Bibliography 194 



AUDITORY ORGAN (general description and development) 194 



of Fishes 198 



of Amphibians 198 



of Reptiles and Birds 199 



of Mammals 201 



Histology of the Mammalian Cochlea 206 



Relation of the Auditory Organ to the Air-Bladder in Fishes . . 207 



Bibliography 207 



F, ORGANS OF NUTRITION 208 



ALIMENTARY CANAL AND ITS APPENDAGES (general description) 208 



I. MOUTH 212 



Teeth (general description) 212 



of Fishes and Amphibians 214 



of Reptiles . ... 215 



of Mammals , 216 



Glands of the Mouth 220 



of Amphibians 221 



of Reptiles 221 



of Birds '. 222 



of Mammals - 222 



Tongue -222 



Thyroid Gland .225 



Thymus Gland 226 



II. (ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND INTESTINE . 



of Fishes and Amphibians .... 



of Reptiles -231 



of Birds 



of Mammals -234 



Histology of the Mucous Membrane of the Alimentary Canal . . 237 



APPENDAGES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL ... 240 



Liver -240 



Pancreas -243 



Bibliography 



