CONTENTS. 



PAOE 



III. STERNUM 51 



Bibliography 54 



IV. THE SKULL 54 



Theory of tho Segmentation of the Skull 54 



a. Brain-case (cranium) 57 



&. The Visceral Skeleton (general description and develop- 

 ment 59 



c. The Bones of the Skull (general description and develop- 

 ment) 61 



Anatomy of the Skull (special part) 63 



A. The Skull of Fishes 63 



B. ,, of Amphibians 70 



c. ,, of Reptiles 74 



D. ,, of Birds 78 



E. ,, of Mammals ^ 80 



Bibliography 84 



v. LIMBS 84 



a. Unpaired Limbs 85 



b. Paired Limbs 86 



Pectoral Arch 87 



of Fishes 87 



of Amphibians and Reptiles 87 



of Birds 90 



of Mammals 91 



Pelvic Arch 92 



of Fishes 92 



of Amphibians 92 



of Reptiles and Birds 94 



Mammals 98 



Free Limbs 99 



of Fishes and Dipnoans 99 



General Considerations on the Limbs of the higher Vertebrata . 101 



Free Limbs of Amphibians 104 



of Reptiles 105 



of Birds 106 



of Mammals ! 108 



Bibliography Ill 



C. MUSCULAR SYSTEM ... n2 



DERMAL MUSCULATURE .... 113 



MUSCULATURE OF THE SKELETON . . 113 



MUSCLES OF THE TJIUNK H3 



of Fishes and Amphibians 1 1 3 



of Reptiles .... 116 



of Birds 117 



of Mammals 117 



