242 



COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, 



munication with the intestine by means of one or more ducts 

 (ductus choledochus) 1 (Fig. 197, DC). 



A gall-bladder (vesica fellea) may or may not be present, and 

 in the former case it is connected with the system of hepatic 

 ducts by means of a cystic duct (comp. Fig. 197, G, Dcy, Dh) 



FIG. 198. VISCERA OF Lacerta agilis, in situ. 



Oe, oesophagus ; M, stomach ; MD, small intestine ; ED, large intestine ; L, liver ; 

 GB, gall-bladder ; Pn, pancreas ; SI, urinary bladder ; Lg, Lg l , the two lungs, 

 with their network of vessels ; H, heart ; Ci, postcaval ; Tr, trachea. 



The liver of the Anamnia (e.g. Ganoids and Perennibranchi- 

 ates) is, as a rule, relatively larger than that of the Amniota. 

 Carnivorous (fat-eating) animals generally possess a larger liver 

 than Herbivores. 



1 The single-lobed liver of the Lamprey undergoes a histological retrogression 

 (fatty metamorphosis) after transformation. The tubuli disappear, and the cells 

 become filled with fat, and the gall-bladder and bile-duct become atrophied. 



