266 SPORT IX NORWAY. 



It is not unusual to see goats feeding on the roofs of houses, 

 where the grass grows luxuriantly. A well-made roof will, with 

 occasional repairs, last 50 or 60 years. There are many other 

 uses to which the " Xfever " is adapted. Thus, near Kongsvin- 

 ger, shoes of birch bark are frequently worn. In Gudbrandsdal, 

 layers of thin bark are pressed together so as to form a compact 

 mass, and are then made into handles for knives. Many years 

 ago, also, it was used as papyrus for writing purposes. In 1819, 

 one Claus Frimann, a poet, published the life of a noted peasant, 

 Sivert Aarflot, from which it appears that the subject of the 

 memoir had learned to write on thin sheets of this bark which 

 he had prepared. 



DWABF BIBCH (Betula nana, L.). Grows everywhere in the 

 alpine regions, and attains a much higher altitude than any 

 other of the species. In the south it descends to about 600 feet 

 above the sea. 



Brno CHERRY (Prunus Padus y L. " Hseg "). Grows wild over 

 the whole country as far north as the river Tand. At Alten, 

 lat, 70, the fruit ripens. Its limit on the mountains is nearly 

 the same as that of the birch. Near Laurdal Church, in Thele- 

 ' marken, I have seen a tree measuring, according to Dr. Schubeler, 

 36 feet hi height, and the trunk 5J feet in circumference. 



BIBTHWOBT, TUBE FLOWERED (Aristdochia Sipho, L'Herit). 

 Is cultivated as an ornamental plant as far north as Throndhjem : 

 it is not protected during the winter. 



BLACK THORN SLOE (Prunus opinosa, L. "Slaape"). Grows 

 wild on the south coast up to lat. 60. 



BUCKTHORN (Rhamnus cathartica, L. " Troldbaer "). Grows 

 wild in the south-eastern valleys up to lat. 60. The ALDER 

 BUCKTHORN (R. Frangula, L. " Brakal " or " Troldhaeg ") ex- 

 tends up to the polar circle. 



DOGWOOD (Cornus sanguined, L. " Comel-Kirsebaer r ). Grows 

 wild as far north as lat 60. 



ELM (Ulmus camp<estris, L. " Aim"). Is common up to lat. 

 66. No woods of elm, however, are found in Xorway. It 

 attains an altitude on the mountains intermediate to that of fir 

 and birch. 



GUELDER ROSE (Viburnum opulus, L. "Krosved~). Very 

 common : up to lat. 69 has the same altitude as the spruce fir. 



HAWTHORS (Cratcegus Oxyacantha, L. "Hagtorn"). Grows 



