KEY TO THE FAMILIES. 



DIVISION SPERMATOPHYTA. 

 (SPERMATOPHYTES). Seed Plants. 



Class I. Gymnospermae. Gymnosperms or Polycotyls. 



Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. Evergreen shrubs and 

 trees with needle-like, scale-like or awl-shaped 

 leaves. 



Ovules 2 or more at the base of each scale; fruit a 

 cone (berry-like in Juniperus) by the coherence 

 of scales Pinaceee 1 



Class II. Angiospermae. Angiosperms. 



Ovules in an ovary, the latter when ripe becoming the fruit. 



Subclass 1. Monocotyledoneae. Monocotyls. 



Stem without distinct zones of bark, wood and pith; leaves 

 mostly parallel-veined, the early ones always al- 

 ternate; parts of the flower in threes (rarely in 

 fours), never in fives; embryo with a single 

 cotyledon. 

 Ovary free from the floral envelopes; i. e., it is 



"superior." Stamens 6 Lllinceae 4 



Ovary adnate to the floral envelopes; i. e., it is 

 "inferior." 



Flowers regular; stamens 3 Iridncece 8 



Flowers irregular; anther-bearing stamens 1 



or 2 Orchidncene 8 



Subclass II. Dicotyledoneae. Dicotyls. 



Stem with distinct zones of bark, wood and pith; leaves 

 mostly netted-veined. Parts of flower mostly in 

 fours or fives. Embryo normally with 2 cotyledons 

 (none iti Cuscuta, 1 by abortion in Abronia, 4 in 

 Ceratophyllacese). 



