Spring Flora of the Wasatch Region 



ORDER CONIFERAL.ES. 



PINACE^. (CONIFER-ffi.) Pine Family. 



Resinous evergreen shrubs or trees with awl-shaped, 

 scale-like or needle-shaped leaves. Flowers naked; 

 monoecious (or in Juniperus mostly dioecious) ; in 

 catkins or solitary. Cotyledons 2-16. 



Leaves short (much less than y 2 inch long), scale-like 

 and overlapping or awl-shaped; fruit berry- 

 like 1. Juniperus 



Leaves longer (at least y s inch long); needle-shaped; 



fruit a cone. 

 Needles in bundles of 2-5, each bundle surrounded by 



a sheath at the base (at least when young). . 2. Plnua 

 Needles one at each node. 



Surrounded by a sheath at the base; cone-scales 



thick 2. IMiius (2a) 



Not surrounded by a sheath at the base.; cone- 

 scales thin. 



Needles elliptical or nearly so in cross- 

 section. 



Sessile; leaf -scars round, conspicuous.. 3. Able* 

 Petioled; leaf-scars elliptical, incon- 

 spicuous 4. Pseudotsuga 



Needles strongly 4-angled in cross-sec- 

 tion 5. Picea 



1. JUNIPERUS. (Includes Sabina.) Juniper; Cedar. 



Strongly aromatic shrubs or low trees with thin shreddy 

 bark. Leaf-buds scaly or naked. Leaves awl-shaped and 

 rigid, or scale-like and overlapping; sometimes both kinds on 

 same tree. Flowers mostly dioecious; axillary or terminal 

 on short lateral 'twigs, the staminate oblong or ovoid with 

 2-6-celled anthers; the pistillate of a few opposite fleshy 

 scales, each scale bearing a solitary ovule. Fruit berry-like 

 by the coherence of scales; often bluish or blackish; ripening 

 at the end of the first, the second or rarely the third season. 

 Seeds 1-6, wingless: cotyledons 2 (or 4-6 in some species). 



Bark peeling off in papery layers; wood white.. 1. J. utahensis 

 Bark never peeling off in papery layers; wood pur- 

 plish 2. J. scopulorum 



1. J. iiiahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. (J. calif ornica utahen- 

 sis Engelm.; Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb.) Utah Red 

 Cedar. A bushy shrub or small tree (20 ft. high or less), with 

 thin light-brown scaly bark. Leaves opposite or rarely in 

 whorls of 3. Catkins terminal. Stamens 18-24. "Berries" 

 large, mostly globose, usually with a single seed; reddish- 

 brown or sometimes bluish; ripening the second season; with 

 dry, thin, sv/eet flesh. Cotyledons 4-6. On dry mountain slopes. 



