SPRING FLORA 



5. PICEA. Spruce. 



Tall conical trees with alternate leaves (deciduous in dry- 

 ing), which are sharp-pointed and strongly 4-angled in cross- 

 section; from scaly buds. Branchlets rough from the prominent 

 and persistent leaf-bases (sterigmata). Staminate flowers on 

 branchlets of preceding year; their anthers opening length- 

 wise. Cones mature the first year, becoming pendulous; their 

 scales thin, persistent. Seeds winged. 



Branchlets glabrous 1. P. pungcns 



Branchlets pubescent under a lens 2. P. Engelmannl 



1. P. pungons (Lambert) Engelm. (P. Parryana (Andree) 

 Sarg.) Blue or Colorado Spruce. Tree 60-100 ft. high with soft 

 wood and with bark of trunk furrowed and grooved length- 

 wise. Branches spreading, with thick, smooth and gray bark; 

 branchlets smooth and shining as if varnished. Needles of 

 branches green and of young shoots bluish. Cones abundant, 

 light-yellow, 2-4 inches long, solitary or clustered. Mountain 

 slopes near streams, 6,500-10,000 ft. The "State tree" of 

 Colorado. 



2. P. Engrelmannl (Parry) Engelm. Engelmann or White 

 Spruce. Tree 60-100 ft. high, with bark of trunk broken into 

 rounded, plate-like scales. Branches horizontal, with thin 

 reddish or purplish-brown bark. Needles less sharp and rigid 

 than those of P. pungens. Cones solitary, brown, ovate-cylln- 

 dric, 2 inches long or usually less; the scales usually more 

 rounded than those of No. 1. Cotyledons usually 6. Mountain 

 parks and mountain sides, more frequent on north slopes, 

 8,500-12,500 ft. 



ORDER LIL.IAL.ES. 



LILIACE-ffl. Lily Family. 



Perennial herbs from underground stems; either 

 leafy-stemmed or scape-like with basal leaves. Leaves 

 rarely netted-veined. Flowers regular and perfect (or 

 polygamous in some species of Zygadenus). Floral 

 envelopes 6, the outer set of 3 often colored like the 

 inner set. Stamens 6. Pistil 1, with a 3-celled, 

 "superior" ovary. Fruit a berry or a capsule. 



Stems from rhizomes; fruit a berry. 



Unbranched; inflorescence terminal, racemose or 



paniculate 1. Smilacena 



Branched; inflorescence axillary, in umbels or 



solitary 2. Disporum 



Stems from solid bulbs; fruit a capsule. 



Flowers nodding; solitary or racemose 3. Erythronlum 



Flowers erect; solitary or in umbels. 



Outer perianth-segments sepal-like; inner petal- 

 like . 4. Calochortus 



All the perianth-segments of same size, shape 



and color 5. Brodiaca 



Stems from scaly bulbs (the scales tuber-like); fruit a 



capsule 6. Frltlllarla 



Stems from coated bulbs; fruit a capsule, 



