14 SPRING FLORA 



Ovary 1- (rarely 2-) celled, ripening into a 1-seeded 

 winged or wingless fruit. 



Fruit a samara 1. uimu 



Fruit multiple, consisting- of an aggregation of achenes, 

 each of which is surrounded by the fleshy and 

 juicy calyx 2. Mom* 



Fruit a berry-like drupe 3. Celtis 



1. ULMUS. Elm. 



Trees or rarely shrubs with deeply-furrowed bark. Leaves 

 alternate, serrate, strongly pinnately-veined; oblique or heart- 

 shaped at base. Flowers perfect or sometimes polygamous; 

 axillary; appearing in the spring before the leaves and on 

 branches of the preceding year, or in the autumn on growth 

 of the year. Calyx bell-shaped, 4-9-cleft. Stamens 4-9, with 

 long slender filaments. Styles 2, divergent, stigmatic along 

 the inner surface. Ovary 1-2-celled, ripening into a samara, 

 the wing of which extends all around the seed. 



Bud-scales glabrous; flowers on long pedicels.. 1. U. americana 

 Bud-scales coated with rusty hairs; flowers on short 



pedicels 2. U. fulva 



1. U. americana L. White Elm. Leaves smooth or slightly 

 rough above, soft-pubescent below; oblong-obovate, usually 

 doubly-serrate. Flowers in clusters of 3-4, appearing before 

 the leaves. Styles light-green. Fruit on long stems, y 2 inch 

 long, ciliate on the margins, deeply notched at apex. Culti- 

 vated. March -April. 



2. U. fulva Michx. Red or Slippery Elm. A small or medium - 

 sized tree with reddish wood, downy twigs, and mucilaginous 

 inner bark. Bud scales downy with rust-colored hairs. Leaves 

 elliptical-ovate, long-acuminate, doubly-serrate; the upper sur- 

 face very rough. Flowers on very short downy pedicels in 

 crowded clusters. Fruit nearly round, slightly notched at 

 apex, but not ciliate. Cultivated. March-April. 



2. MOIIUS. Mulberry. 



Trees with milky sap. Leaves simple, toothed, alternate; 

 with stipules that soon drop off. Inflorescence spicate. 

 Flowers monoecious or dioecious; greenish. Calyx 4-parted; 

 its lobes- ovate. Stamens 4. Styles 2, slender. Ovary 2-celled 

 (the smaller cell not maturing), ripening into an achene which 

 is covered by the juicy, berry-like calyx. All the achenea of 

 the flower-cluster remain together as a juicy and edible mul- 

 tiple fruit, much resembling a blackberry in shape. 



Upper surface of leaves rough; lower surface downy 1. M. rnbra 

 Upper surface of leaves smooth and shining 2. M. alba 



1. M. rubra L. Red Mulberry. A large tree, sometimes 

 reaching a height of 65 ft. Leaves ovate, or palmately-lobed 

 on young shoots; somewhat heart-shaped at base; acute or 

 acuminate. Fruit l-iy 2 inches long; dark-purple. April-May. 



2. M. alba L. White or Chinese Mulberry. Tree somewhat 

 smaller than No. 1. Leaves ovate, with or without a heart- 

 shaped base; lobed; acute; smooth and shining. Fruit white, 

 about ^ inch long; oblong or subglobose. Cultivated. May. 



