60 SPRING FLORA 



1. V. Beckwithii T. & G. Western Pansy Violet. Stem dis- 

 tinct, but short. Leaves biternately or pedately parted, the 

 primary divisions ternately or pinnatisectly divided into linear 

 lobes; pale green; stipules very small and inconspicuous, except 

 on the lower leaves. Peduncles 2 inches long; naked. Sepals 

 linear, obtuse, ciliolate. Petals minutely bearded at the gib- 

 bous summit; the lower one barely saccate at base, and deep 

 purple with yellow claws; the 2 upper shorter and deep violet. 

 Stigma, lateral. Dry plains. April. Locally called "Bird-foot 

 Violet." 



2. V. cuciillata Ait. Hooded Violet. Leaves from a thickened 

 and fleshy rootstalk; heart-shaped with a crenate-serrate mar- 

 gin and acute apex. Flowers violet-blue, becoming darker near 

 the throat. Sepals narrowly lanceolate. Spurred petal smooth. 

 Cleistogamous flowers long and slender. Seeds dark-brown. 

 Moist places. May-June. 



3. V. nephrophylla Greene. Herbage glabrous; plants not 

 stoloniferous. Leaves from a fleshy and thickened rootstalk; 

 the earliest ones round or slightly kidney-shaped, and the 

 later ones broadly heart-shaped with obtuse and obscurely 

 crenate margins. Flowers blue-violet. Sepals lanceolate to 

 ovate. Spurred petal villous. Cleistogamous flowers ovoid or 

 acuminate-ovoid. Seeds olive-brown. Swamps, especially near 

 cold springs. May-June. 



4. V. ndiinca longipes CNutt.) Rydb. (V. canina longipes 

 Wats.) Stem mostly simple; at length producing stolons on 

 which are borne Cleistogamous flowers. Leaves elliptical-ovate 

 to ovate, cordate at base; margins more or less crenate; apex 

 obtuse. Flowers axillary, pale blue to nearly white; on 

 peduncles usually longer than the stem-leaves. Latera.l petals 

 bearded. Spur short, straight, thick. In canyons. 5.000-9.000 

 ft.; the mountain forms much reduced in size. April-August. 



5. V. Nuttnllil Pursh. Stems several, short from thick, often 

 branched or fascicled roots. Leaves usually erect: their blades 

 oblong-lanceolate or narrower, tanering to the margined 

 petiole, with entire or obscurely dentate margins; petioles 

 usually much longer than the blade. Peduncles usually much 

 shorter than the leaves. Sepals lanceolate. Plains and moun- 

 tain sides, preferring rich, moist soil in the shade. March -May. 



6. V. linCTiaefolia Nutt. (V. vallicola A. Nels.; V. physalodes 

 Greene.) Plant more or less white-hirsute. Stems several, 

 very short, from a slender rootstalk. Leaves erect or ascend- 

 ing; blades oblong-ovate to ovate, usually not tatering to the 

 petiole, with margins obscurely denticulate and ciliate; petioles 

 usually not much lonsrer than the blades, and much shorter 

 than the peduncles. Flowers 2-3 times as large as those of 

 No. 5. Sepals narrowly linear. (V. atriplicifolia Greene is a 

 dwarf form with coarsely-toothed leaves, or the upper ones 

 sharply lobed: their margins not ciliate.) In exposed places 

 on gravelly plains and mountain sides. April-July. 



7. V. Manila Willd. Sweet White Violet. Smooth or slightly 

 pubescent: stoloniferous. Leaves all basal, from a slender 

 rhizome; broadly heart-shaoed or kidney-shar>ed: crenate and 

 'obtuse. Peduncles often longer than the leaves. Flowers 

 fragrant. Petals beardless or nearly so: all but the 2_ upper 

 ones purple-veined. In swamps and along streams in the 

 mountains. April-July. 



