Spraying Devices and Machinery. 185 



plished with the machinery then made, and the demand for 

 more efficient apparatus was not sufficient to stimulate invent- 

 ors to introduce new devices. But increasing necessities soon 

 created a demand for improved machinery, and this quickly 

 brought about the production of new implements which were 

 adapted to the wants of the horticulturist. 



It is interesting to note that for about a century the needs of 

 American and European growers were practically the same, and 

 that the apparatus used by the one was also adopted by the 

 other. Then suddenly all changed. The Europeans, and par- 

 ticularly the French, branched off and made machinery for 

 which there was at first no demand in this country, and for which 

 there is even now com- 

 paratively little. The 

 Americans, on the other 

 hand, manufactured ma- 

 chinery that is not used 

 to any great extent in 

 Europe, even to this day. 

 It was between the years 

 1870 and 1880 that the 

 American growers be- 

 gan searching for pumps 

 which were better suited 

 to their purpose ; but it 

 was not until 1880 to 

 1885 that this demand 

 had much effect upon 

 manufacturers. In 

 France, new machinery was demanded also between the years 

 1880 and 1885, so it may indeed be said that the breaking away 

 from old methods after a century of uniformity, took place 

 simultaneously in France and in America. 



The appearance of the potato beetle in the central and east- 

 ern portions of the United States, between the years 1860 and 

 1875, familiarized farmers with the use of Paris green, the use 

 of this poison proving to be the easiest and most effectual 

 method of dealing with the insect. The poison was applied 

 both in the form of powder, and suspended in water. But the 

 latter method was not so generally adopted, as difficulty was 



FIG. 5. An early form of garden engine. 



