Apple. 247 



A second application should be made just before the blossoms 

 open, and a third as soon as the blossoms have fallen from the 

 trees ; but for these, as well as for all later ones, it is advisable 

 to use the Bordeaux mixture or some similar preparation. Such 

 applications may be made at intervals of ten or fifteen days, 

 depending upon the weather, until from two to six have been 

 made. The number necessary will depend largely upon the 

 variety treated. In comparatively dry seasons, two applications 

 will afford almost complete protection to resistant varieties, 

 while those subject to the disease would repay as many as four 

 or five. When so treated, the fruit and the foliage will be 

 practically perfect as regards injury from scab. 



The amounts of liquid necessary to protect an apple tree from 

 the scab will vary with the size of the tree and with the season. 

 A well-grown apple tree, twenty-five years old, will require from 

 two to three gallons of liquid when sprayed before the blossoms 

 open. Later in the season, when the tree is in full leaf, it will 

 be necessary to use four or perhaps five or even six gallons to 

 cover the leaves and the fruit thoroughly. 



INSECT ENEMIES. 



Aphis (Aphis Mali, Fabr.). Description. These small insects, 

 commonly called lice, are often very numerous upon the young 

 shoots and leaves of apple trees. They are generally most 

 abundant in spring and early summer, and in the fall. They 

 are supposed to cause considerable damage by sucking the juices 

 from the blossoms and young leaves, but the injury done by 

 them has probably been overestimated. During the latter part 

 of June and July the insects disappear. While they are pres- 

 ent, immense numbers may be found upon the stems and under 

 side of the leaves, the latter being curled so that the pest is 

 very well protected from any application which may be made. 



Treatment. Unless the lice are very abundant it is not neces- 

 sary to try to destroy them, for they do not cause any serious 

 damage, and in a short time they naturally disappear. It is not 

 advisable to spray entire orchards, although they may be badly 

 infested. But if it is desired to destroy the lice upon certain 

 trees, a cheap and efficient remedy will be found in tobacco 

 water, or in the decoction. This should be sprayed upon the 

 trees as soon after the lice have appeared as possible, and the 



