Apple. 257 



ticular as to diet. The eggs are laid upon the foliage during 

 early summer, and soon hatch. The full-grown larvae are about 

 an inch long, with varied markings. They are thickly covered 

 with yellowish hair, of varying shades, it being longer at the 

 extremities of the body. The head is black, and a dark stripe 

 extends along the back. These caterpillars are most con- 

 spicuous in the fall after they have woven a web, inside which 

 they work. The foliage to be eaten is first enclosed in this 

 manner, and afterwards devoured. When full grown the 

 caterpillars descend to the ground, and there spin cocoons in 

 which they remain until the following year. There is but one 

 brood of the insect in the Xorth. 



Treatment. Spray with the arsenites during summer, as soon 

 as the presence of the insect is noticed. The foliage should be 

 covered with the poison before it is surrounded by the web, 

 and this can be done most effectively while the larvae are 

 small. If spraying is neglected, cut out the limb and burn 

 it, or hold a burning torch to the nest until the caterpillars are 

 destroyed. 



Leaf-Skeletonizer (Pempelia Hammondi, Riley). Description. 

 The larva of this moth causes the curled and scorched appear- 

 ance which is sometimes exhibited by apple leaves, especially 

 when young. The worm, which is greenish-brown, causes the 

 injury by eating the green portions of the leaves. Its length is 

 about half an inch. A web is generally spun, and frequently 

 several leaves are drawn together by it, making an unsightly 

 object. 



Treatment. The web spun by the larvae affords them some 

 protection against applications which are made; but if the 

 arsenites are applied as soon as the worms are seen, their work 

 should soon receive a check, for new material will soon be 

 required for food, and this should bear the poison. Hand 

 picking has also been recommended ; it is a laborious but 

 certain method of destroying them. 



Maggot; Railroad-worm (Trypeta pomonella, Walsh). De- 

 scription. The many small burrows frequently seen extending 

 in all directions throughout the flesh of an apple are caused by 

 a greenish-white footless maggot about one-fourth of an inch in 

 length. The mature form of the insect is a two-winged fly. It 

 lays its eggs singly under the skin of the apple, early in sum- 



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