294 The Spraying of Plants. 



Treatment. The affected berries should be destroyed when 

 discovered. Poultry will aid in destroying the larvae before 

 they pupate. It has been recommended to spray with 

 the sulphur and whale-oil soap wash just before the eggs are 

 laid. 



The other insects which work upon gooseberries have been 

 mentioned under CURRANT, which see. 



GRAPE. 

 FUNGOUS DISEASES. 



Anthracnose; Scab; Bird's-eye Rot (Sphaceloma Ampelinum, 

 DeBary). Description. Anthracnose is perhaps the most 

 formidable disease with which the vineyardist has to contend. 

 It does not yield to the same treatment which checks the other 

 fungous diseases of the grape, and even when applications are 

 made which are especially designed for its control, the results 

 are not invariably satisfactory. The vines should therefore be 

 watched, that the first sign of the disease may lead to its timely 

 treatment. 



The fungus causing anthracnose attacks the fruit, the leaves, 

 and the stems, in fact, all green parts of the vine. It may 

 appear any time during the growing season of the plant, but 

 most commonly affects the berries during the middle and latter 

 part of summer. The name " anthracnose " is now generally 

 used in this country and in Europe. It is formed from two 

 Greek words meaning " coal " and " disease," the dark discolora- 

 tion of the affected part suggesting the name. 



The shoots of the grape are very subject to the attacks of 

 the fungus. The first indication of the trouble is a darkening 

 and sinking of small, oval areas which extend lengthwise of 

 the stem. These may be very abundant, giving the shoots a 

 speckled appearance. The spots gradually enlarge, and the 

 center assumes a gray color, the edges still remaining dark, and 

 having a more or less decided tinge of purple. After the 

 disease has progressed some weeks, the stem is very seriously 

 injured, and if there have been several points of attack, its 

 growth may be entirely checked and the shoot destroyed. 

 Upon the leaf the disease causes changes very similar to those 

 of the stem, but there is a reddish-brown color in the affected 



