OF THE HUMAN FAMILY. 



45 



the substitution of grandson and granddaughter in their places in the lineal line. 

 It is not probable that it will be changed as much as this within the same period 

 of time in the future. 



The following diagram exhibits the Erse form : 



LINEAL LINE. 



FEMALE 



MALE 



FATHER'S Sins 

 V Collateral, FemaU 



Driffur nmhar ' 

 Mac driffer mahar 

 Mac mic driffer mahar 

 Mac mic mic driffer mahar 

 .lac mic mic mic d 



Shan vahair mahar Q Shan ahair mahar 



Mohair mo han ahair Q Ahair mo ban ahu 



Mo han Tahair (~) Mo ban ahair 



1st Collateral, Female 

 Mo yriffur I 

 Mac mo driffer ( 



I 



Mo vahair^ Q M 



o ahair 



Euo O Eao 



Ho ineean O Mo Tac 



FATHER'S SIDE. 

 2 Collateral, Male 

 \st Collateral, Male O Drihair mahar 



O Ma< > drihar mahar 



~O Mo yrlhair 



I 



Mac mo drihar O 



Mac mic drihar mahar 



riffer mahar O Mac mic mic mo dri 



.1 



Mac mic mo driffer O lueean mo iueeaa O Mac mo T ^ c 



ffer O Ineean mic mo vie O Mac mic mo Tic 



Mac mic mo driha O Mac mic m ' c irinar mahar 



Mac mic mic mo drihair O Mac mic mic mic drihar mahar 



>ir O 

 O Ma 



ilac mic mic mic mic driffer Q Mac mic mic mic mo O In a n mic mic mo Tic Q Mac mic mic mo Tic Q Mac mic mic mic mo O Mac ""'" mlc m ' c mlc drihar 

 mahar driffer drihar mahar 



For consanguinei and marriage relatives the Erse and Gaelic have but eight, and 

 these the primary terms. 1 By means of these terms, which exhaust the nomencla- 

 ture, all of their kindred, near and remote, are described. The diagram represents 

 the lineal line, male and female, and the first and second collateral lines, male and 

 female. Each relationship is made personal to EGO by the use of the pronoun my 

 in the description. of each person. 



In the first collateral the series is as follows : Brotlier, son of my brother and 

 son of son of my brother ; the second collateral, brotJier of my father, son of brotJier 

 of my father, and son of son of brother of my father. In the third collateral the 

 description is modified by the use of shan ahair, " old father," in the place of 

 " father of father," which gives for the series, brother of my old father, son of 

 brother of my old father and son of son of brother of my old father, and so downward 

 as far as the line is followed. The description, as in the Icelandic, commences 

 at the opposite extreme from Ego. In the Table, the Erse, Gaelic and Manx forms 

 will be found fully extended. 



4. Welsh. It is probable that the Welsh form of describing kindred was origi- 

 nally the same as the present Erse ; but it is now distinguished from it by the 



1 The term uncle has been naturalized in the Erse dialect in uncail, pronounced Oonchail. 



